美国干预联合国事务的行为根源--从美参议员要求安南辞职谈起

美国作为联合国常任理事国对联合国的形成和发展做出过突出贡献.同时,美国对联合国事务的干预也达到了绝大多数成员国难以容忍的程度.本文认为,美国对联合国事务的干预,甚至搞单边主义,原因是多方面的.既有历史的,也有现实的;既有客观的,也有主观的,是综合因素的结果.联合国改革和国际关系的民主化、多元化,终将遏制美国的霸权主义和单边主义.     

China and the Middle East

The exchanges between China and the Middle East are profound. In 500 B. C, the world-famous Silk Road was built. In 700 B. C, there were two great empires on the Asian Continent.     

专修学院学生思想动态及其分析

专修学院学生的思想状况比较复杂,认识问题的程度差异较大。本文通过问卷调查,找出学生思想变化的因素,并对其进行分析研究,以不断提高学生思想教育工作的成效。     

论邓小平宪政思想

邓小平的宪政思想对于现阶段我国的宪政建设具有重要的指导意义。宪法至上是邓小平宪政思想的前提。发展民主是邓小平宪政思想的主要内容。实行法治是邓小平宪政思想的核心原则。保障人权是邓小平宪政思想的目的。掌握并运用邓小平宪政思想的基本理论,对于我国目前正在进行的中国特色的宪政建设,具有不可忽视的重大意义。     

Simplified Direct PCR Method for Reference Buccal Samples Using a Non-FTA Card by Omitting the Pretreatment Step

When using non-FTA cards in commercial multiplex STR kits for direct PCR, pretreatment steps with specific buffers are recommended. Here, we designed a rapid direct PCR method utilizing a non-FTA card, Oral Cell Sampling Kit, by omitting the pretreatment step involving Prep-n-Go™ Buffer, and it showed compatibility with the GlobalFiler™ Express PCR Amplification Kit, GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit, and PowerPlex^® Fusion system. To optimize the PCR conditions, we tested the method with different final PCR volumes and cycles. Finally, we conducted a performance test using 50 Korean buccal samples and confirmed the high performance of the method, detecting more than 90% of the samples with full profiles when using GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit and PowerPlex^® Fusion system at 29 cycles in a 10 μL final PCR volume. Thus, we report a simple direct PCR set-up to analyze reference samples collected using a non-FTA card manufactured in Korea.     

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Assay for Genetic Identification of Lophophora williamsii*

Lophophora is a member of the Cactaceae family, which contains two species: Lophophora williamsii and L. diffusa. Lophophora williamsii is an illegal plant containing mescaline, a hallucinogenic alkaloid. In this study, a novel method based on a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay was developed for identifying L. williamsii; this assay reliably detects SNPs within chloroplast DNA (rbcL, matK, and trnL-trnF IGS) and was validated for identifying Lophophora and L. williamsii simultaneously. The chloroplast DNA sequences from four L. williamsii and three L. diffusa plants were obtained and compared using DNA sequence data from approximately 300 other Cactaceae species available in GenBank. From this sequence data, a total of seven SNPs were determined to be suitable for identifying L. williamsii. A multiplex assay was constructed using the ABI PRISM^® SNaPshot™ Multiplex Kit (Applied Biosystems, Forster City, CA) to analyze species-specific SNPs. Using this multiplex assay, we clearly distinguished the Lophophora among 19 species in the Cactaceae family. Additionally, L. williamsii was distinguished from L. diffusa. These results suggest that the newly developed assay may help resolve crimes related to illegal distribution and use. This multiplex assay will be useful for the genetic identification of L. williamsii and can complement conventional methods of detecting mescaline.     

中国青少年犯罪演进的定量分析

上世纪90年代以来，青少年罪犯数量大幅度下降，近几年开始有所缓慢回升，青少年罪犯占全国罪犯总体的比例呈下降趋势，然而，青少年人口犯罪率居高不下，并呈上升趋势。由此我们看到反映青少年犯罪情况的两个代表性指标一一犯罪数量和人口犯罪率。影响青少年犯罪数量变化的主要因素是人口基数和青少年人口犯罪率，而后者更能够反映青少年个体及群体的越轨行为危险程度。我们在青少年犯罪预防决策和实务工作中更应当密切关注青少年人口犯罪率，同时重视青少年群体人口基数的变化。此外，从罪犯数量和人口犯罪率两个指标来看，未成年人与青年两个亚群体差异较为明显，因此青少年犯罪预防工作不能笼而统之，需要日益精细化、专业化。     

博弈视角下农地流转与农民利益保障机制探析

农地流转制度在巩固存量利益的同时,也带来了可观的增量利益,各个利益主体为分配新增利益势必会展开激烈的竞争和角逐.运用博弈论系统分析利益主体之间的博弈关系,透视现实制度实行中其他利益主体对农民利益的侵害.在策略选择上从宏观、中观和微观角度着力构建三位一体利益保障机制,矫正农地流转利益博弈中的力量失衡状态,促使农民的存量利益能够得到对价支付,确保农民能够公平参与增量利益的分配.     

推进执政党建设理论创新——学习党的十七大报告的体会

党的十七大报告正视新党情、反映人民的新期待、体现新的时代要求,提出了党建新方针、确定了党建新主线、明确了党建新目标、规划了党建新布局、确定了党建新重点,从多方面推进了执政党建设理论的创新.     

以人为本科学立法——大连地方立法工作的实践与思考

自1986年享有地方立法权以来,大连市一直坚持以人为本、科学立法,经过20多年的实践,立法工作在经历了从无到有逐步走向成熟的同时,立法的质量和水平都有了较大的提升.