刑罚人道主义与我国死刑废止

死刑问题是当今国际社会所共同关注的刑法问题之一,而其受到诘难的重要理由在于其反人道性。本文以“人道主义”为基线和评判标准,从刑罚人道主义、死刑的一般预防目的、刑罚的人道关怀三个方面对死刑进行逐一考察并得出基本结论:死刑是残酷的、不人道的以及蔑视人权的首要刑罚手段,是违背刑罚人道主义的;死刑的适用超过了罪与刑的相当性,一般预防不应成为我国刑罚的目的,更不应成为我国适用死刑的理由;减少乃至废止死刑的适用是刑罚人道关怀的要求。因此,笔者认为死刑有逐出刑罚体系的可能性与必要性。     

Curbing ‘Anti-Systemic’ Tendencies in Peru: democracy promotion and the US contribution to producing neoliberal hegemony

Critical scholars and investigative journalists have developed a significant body of evidence demonstrating how US democracy assistance programmes undermine left and centre-left governments in Latin America. This article draws upon original research to examine how democracy promotion has sought to stabilise neoliberal polyarchy in Peru, a longtime regional ally of the US. It contributes to a neo-Gramsican theorisation of democracy programmes by examining how ‘soft’ tactics have contributed to the state's efforts at creating an inclusive neoliberal social order, a project which has ultimately failed. Particular attention is paid to the way in which US programmes were configured and carried out to respond to the rise of the ‘anti-systemic’ Peruvian nationalist party of Ollanta Humala, who won the recent presidential elections in June 2011.     

人道主义干涉的国际法思考

人道主义干涉在国际法领域一直是个热点问题.实践中,由于缺乏法律上的标准,使本来有着良好应然价值的人道主义干涉经常沦为霸权主义或造成更大的人道主义灾难,带有强烈的大国主义色彩,并且对国际法的基本原则提出了挑战.应在维护国际法原则的前提下,制定合理的程序保障正义的实现,并在联合国框架下设立人道主义干涉审查委员会、人道主义干涉表决委员会和人道主义干涉监督委员会来全程管理人道主义干涉的进程.     

Praxis and paradigms of local and expatriate workers in ‘Aidland’

This paper discusses practices and paradigms that expatriate and national humanitarian aid workers use to deal with major problems they encounter in their daily work. It views ‘Aidland’ as an arena where different actors encounter, negotiate and shape the outcome of aid. One of the main findings is that there are consistent differences in the way expatriate and national aid actors perceive problems in their field, as well as in the way they respond to these issues. The paper shows that these perceptions often translate into heterogeneous paradigms and practices between expatriate and national staff, particularly around remote control aid, partnerships and donor reporting. These findings are highly relevant in the current context of ‘localisation’, suggesting that the so-called North/South divide continues to exist and more explicit attention should be given in aid research to the heterogeneous strategies of different actors working in the aid sector. The paper is based on analysis of data derived from a multiple-round Delphi expert panel study involving 30 highly experienced humanitarian aid practitioners.     

The unheeded present and the impossible future: temporalities of relocation after Typhoon Haiyan

Recovery plans were developed for both the Philippines and Tacloban City in particular. They framed Haiyan as a climate change emergency, and sought to respond to future risks to the city and country. This focus on future recovery came at the expense of attention to the transitional needs of those worst affected by the Typhoon. International humanitarian organizations were co-opted into the government’s refusal of transitional assistance to Tacloban City shoreline residents. This was because they construed their mandate of apolitical assistance in a particular way. An alternative framing of emergency deployed by a local organization produced a very different result. In order to respond to the range of temporal needs in post-disaster situations, humanitarian actors need to be cognizant of the range of epistemic frameworks available to them.     

阿尔都塞的马克思主义观评说

阿尔都塞认为,研究马克思的思想发展,应从在其思想背后起作用的“总问题”出发,马克思主义是理论上反人道主义的,是反历史主义的,马克思的辩证法与黑格尔的辩证法的区别不仅表现在辩证法的外壳上,也表现在其内核上,这些观点有其合理之处,但阿尔都塞却都将这一切结构主义式地加以极端化了,进而曲解了马克思主义的实质。     

论中国核战略的演进与构成

中国核战略有两个基本出发点,即中国国家安全和人道主义。中国核战略具有很强的连续性,同时又根据国内外情况的变化有所调整,经历了一个从反核讹诈战略逐步演变到最低核威慑战略的进程。与其他核武器国家的核战略相似,中国的核战略也由五个具体政策构成:声明政策、发展政策、部署政策、使用政策、核裁军政策。由于具体情况和战略文化的不同,中国的核战略又具有自己的特色。     

Humanitarian neophilia: the ‘innovation turn’ and its implications

This paper critically examines the ‘humanitarian innovation’ movement, arguing that it represents a departure from classical principles and the entry of a distinctive new ideology into the sector. Labelling this ‘humanitarian neophilia’, the paper argues that it has resonances of Barbrook and Cameron’s ‘Californian Ideology’, with its merging of New Left and New Right within the environs of Silicon Valley. Humanitarian neophilia, similarly, comes from a diverse ideological heritage, combining an optimistic faith in the possibilities of technology with a commitment to the power of markets. It both ‘understates the state’ and ‘overstates the object’, promoting a vision of self-reliant subjects rather than strong nation-states realising substantive socioeconomic rights.     

Humanitarianism,civil society and the Rohingya refugee crisis in Bangladesh

Abstract

This paper reflects on responses to Bangladesh’s Rohingya refugee crisis in the weeks that followed the increased numbers of Rohingya refugees who arrived from Myanmar after 24 August 2017. Drawing on literature on the local and international dimensions of humanitarianism, and the analytical lens of performance, it explores narratives of helping in relation to the shifting character of Bangladesh’s civil society, changing expressions of local and international religious sentiments, and the importance of understanding both formal and informal responses historically in the context of Bangladesh’s own experiences as a country born from a crisis in which citizens became refugees fleeing state-sponsored violence.     

试论现代战争中武装冲突法的具体法律运用

武装冲突法运用得当与否,关系到在战争或武装冲突中能否处于主动地位,从而直接影响战争进程的顺利发展。研究武装冲突法的具体法律运用,对于我军应对当前国际形势下可能出现的各种冲突具有重要的现实意义。