试论十月革命中西伯利亚苏维埃政权基础的不稳固性

伴随着十月革命的凯歌，西伯利亚拉开了建立苏维埃政权的序幕，到1918年3月，各地基本上完成了这一历史进程。西伯利亚苏维埃政权是十月革命的必然产物，但与欧俄地区相比，呈现出一个鲜明的特点，即政权基础的不稳固性。这一特点根植于西伯利亚特殊的土壤，又在一定程度上决定了西伯利亚苏维埃政权的曲折命运。     

Umschichtungen im Konzern – keine Änderung der wirtschaftlichen Einflussmöglichkeiten

Keine ?nderung der wirtschaftlichen Einflussm?glichkeiten liegt vor, wenn es zu Anteilsübertragungen oder Umgründungen zwischen konzernverbundenen Gesellschaften kommt, aber sich bei jenen Personen nichts ?ndert, die auf der obersten Ebene den Einfluss ausüben. Derartige Handlungen innerhalb eines Konzernverbunds verwirklichen nicht den Tatbestand des § 12a Abs 3 MRG.     

Reporting on financial derivatives –A Law and Economics perspective

Fearing Enron-like financial fiascos concerning derivatives, accounting standards boards have issued new standards aimed at promoting higher transparency and reducing information asymmetries. After persistent reluctance, and despite significant criticism, the pertinent International standard, with some exceptions, was finally adopted by the E.U., for the sake of intra-European and cross-Atlantic accounting harmonization, for which the standard constituted sine-qua-non. These reluctance and criticism are not unfounded, as the standards might paradoxically result in increased information asymmetries, not easily mitigated by additional disclosure, and ultimately resulting in distortion of capital allocation and corporate governance mechanisms. Suggestions for more efficient solutions are outlined herein. JEL Classification G34 · M40     

Electronic evidence: A proposal to reform the presumption of reliability and hearsay

There is a general concern amongst judges, lawyers and legal scholars that evidence in digital format is not to be trusted, given that it can be altered and manipulated with ease. Some jurists have called for a UN Convention on matters relating to the authentication and admissibility of electronic evidence. It is debatable whether such a Convention is necessary, but guidance of an international nature might be welcome, providing that any such guidance remains guidance, and does not ossify into legal requirements that fail to take into account the dynamic and constantly developing changes in information technology. In any event, the accuracy of the presumption in England & Wales that a computer is in order at the material time is highly debatable, and it is suggested that this presumption ought to be reformed.     

Wiping the Slate Clean: Reforming Scots Law's Approach to Evidence of the Accused's Bad Character

This paper discusses the Scottish Law Commission (SLC)'s Report on Similar Fact Evidence and the Moorov Doctrine, which proposes revolutionary changes to the way in which Scots law deals with evidence of the accused's bad character, including his previous convictions. The article sets these proposals in context by explaining the existing Scots law, and comparing it to the English provisions on bad character evidence contained in the Criminal Justice Act 2003. This comparison reveals similarities between the responses of the two jurisdictions. It is remarkable that the SLC did not consider English law to be a viable model for reform, choosing instead to propose legislation which would simply deem certain pieces of bad character evidence relevant in criminal trials. The second part of the paper explains why these proposals should not be implemented.     

The ‘Perils’ of an Identity Politics Approach to the Legal Recognition of Harm

In the past, and it still remains the case, people with learning difficulties who are victims of violence have been cast as being in need of protection rather than rights and justice. Such an approach belies an institutionalised perspective of harm that does not readily engage with criminal justice structures or solutions. At the same time, Sect. 146 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 gives the court the power to pass enhanced sentences where it can be proven that a crime was motivated by hostility towards someone because s/he is disabled. However, this provision may simply remain a symbolic pledge to equality that fails to tackle the complex and deep rooted causes of violence and oppression in modern society. The consequences of automatically turning to hate crime ‘solutions’ have yet to be explored. This article will draw from the ideas of a number of thinkers in the context of diverse activism to construct a bridge between current debates about how to theorise and tackle violence and oppression in the modern world and the campaigns fought by people with learning difficulties and their supporters. The hope is that this exercise will not only help people with learning difficulties to access the current debate but will further develop current thinking about how to understand and tackle violence in the modern world.

2003年世界旅游业发展回顾和2004年发展前景预测

20 0 3年世界旅游发展的情况证实 :旅游业是一个敏感性很强的经济产业 ,国际政治风云变幻、经济形势变化、自然灾害、疾病流行、突发事件等危机的出现 ,都会影响世界旅游的发展。 2 0 0 4年世界入境旅游发展的形势仍然十分严峻 ,尤其是世界旅游业将在应对危机中产生新的突破 ,出现新的格局。我们应不断增强旅游业的抗干扰能力 ,减轻世界旅游的敏感性和波动性影响 ,这样 ,世界旅游的发展前景还是比较乐观的。     

探索·选择·检验——十月革命九十周年祭

十月革命以来社会主义实践的丰富经验教训需要深刻反思,尤其要认识对社会主义建设规律及其展开形式的认识还处于进一步的探索进程中,更要认识对规律实现形式时机的选择不会十全十美,要在实践检验进程中不断提高认识和把握规律及其展开的能力,特别是要善于主动地审时度势地把握。     

Histories and Memories in the Organisation and Struggles of the Santiago II Neighbourhood of El Alto,Bolivia

This article analyses how relocated miners in the Santiago II neighbourhood of El Alto reframed their histories and their memories of struggle and organisation in the mining camps. It focuses on the ways in which residents organised the neighbourhood and how these histories and memories rose to the political surface during the time of crisis in October 2003.