The Neglected Nation: The CSU and the Territorial Cleavage in Bavarian Party Politics

This article examines the continuing salience of the territorial cleavage in Bavarian party politics. It does so through an exploration of the Christian Social Union's (CSU) mobilisation of Bavarian identity as part of its political project, which has forced other parties in Bavaria to strengthen their territorial goals and identities. Parties have articulated different constructions of ‘Bavaria’ to rival the CSU's dominant nation-building project. However, they have been unable to portray themselves as ‘standing up for Bavarian interests’ due to the constraints of the state-wide parties to which they belong. As an exclusively Bavarian party, the CSU has no such constraints. Indeed, the CSU's core aim of strengthening Bavaria's position vis-à-vis the German federation may be viewed as akin to that of the Convergència i Unió in Catalonia, Spirit in Flanders or Plaid Cymru in Wales. Like these parties, the case of the CSU in Bavaria demonstrates that sub-state territorial mobilisation has as much to do with negotiating autonomy within the state as seceding from it. To that end, the CSU provides a valuable case of how a regionalist party operating within a multi-level political system has sought to influence the regional, state and European levels to obtain a comparative territorial advantage.     

中国政府原理的集权之维:历史与现代化

所有的政治活动都有集权或分权的因素,当分权或集权具有系统性、结构性的特征时,分权或集权便超越了工具性的含义,具有制度安排的性质,或被称为分权政府,或被称为集权政府.西方的封建主义产生的分权体制,后经资产阶级革命用自由主义和代议制原则改造和创建了现代分权制衡的政府结构,分权的学说和分权政府由此被视为"永恒的规律".中国的...     

两岸经济合作的政治效应问题探讨

推进两岸经济合作与一体化发展,形成日益紧密的经济共同体,可以巩固和深化两岸关系和平发展的经济基础,有助于推进两岸和平统一,但并非两岸和平统一的充分条件。而且,发挥两岸经济关系对两岸和平统一的促进作用需要相应的主客观条件,至少需要两岸双方的共同政治意愿与积极行动,以便在共同利益不断增进的基础上建构国家认同。民调显示,近年来的两岸经济合作,在“反独”中起到一定的积极作用,但因施行时间较短且尚未充分展开等因素而不足以证实或证伪其在“促统”方面的作用,并面临制约因素。而国家认同的形成,乃是两岸和平统一的关键。因此,必须确立正确的合作理念,坚持特定的推进原则,选择适宜的推进方式,以提升两岸经济合作的政治效应。     

政治统一、支持监督与协商治理:中国新型政党制度的优势

中国新型政党制度是保持国家政治统一、实现权力有效监督制约和实践协商民主政治的重要制度载体.中国新型政党制度的优势主要体现在通过聚合性的政党制度结构,保持了超大规模国家的政治统一;通过非竞争支持型的政党监督模式,初步实现了政党之间的权力监督;通过多党合作和政治协商,实现了包容互惠发展导向的协商民主治理.新时代坚持和完善中国新型政党制度,需要通过制度改进和完善,进一步发挥中国新型政党制度的优势,促进国家治理现代化的实现.     

反思金大中政府的对朝政策

1998年金大中政府执政后,在总结历届政府处理和解决对朝政策的经验教训、全面分析朝鲜半岛形势和国际形势的现状和发展趋势的基础上,提出了旨在维护和促进朝鲜半岛和平稳定的对朝"和解、合作"政策.在朝韩共同努力下第一次实现了两国首脑会晤,签署了<南北共同宣言>,使南北交流与合作得到一定程度的进展,并稳定了朝鲜半岛和东北亚地区的局势.     

韩国的外交困境:一个概括性框架的解读

近年来,韩国外交面临着一种两难选择的困境。通过对60余年来韩国外交历程的梳理,我们可以发现以政权存续为主要目标的安保外交时期,这种困境是不存在的;而进入冷战后的统一外交时期之后,韩国在包括对美外交与对朝外交、和平外交与统一外交、同盟外交与均衡外交等一系列问题的处理原则上在全社会(包括政治精英和社会大众)还没有形成广泛而稳定的共识,从而使韩国的对外政策在近年来表现出随着政府的换届而不断摇摆、缺乏稳定性的特征,整体反映出韩国在处理朝韩关系及统一问题上的不自信。韩国只有在这些重大的外交原则问题上形成广泛而稳定的共识才有可能摆脱目前的困境,进一步推进统一外交的进程。     

The PLA and regionalism in Guangdong

The traditional view that bi- and multilateral security arrangements are mutually exclusive is misleading. Since the Korean War the multilateral UN Armistice regime and strong bilateral alliances have kept peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. In the 1990s, multilateral security institutions such as KEDO have become more important in supplementing bilateral security treaties. Reflecting upon a future Korean Unification, the article argues that multilateral security institutions serve important complementing functions such as building additional trust, stabilizing commitment and enhancing resources that bilateral institutions often lack. The article concludes by suggesting that current bilateral relations (US-DPRK, US-ROK, ROK-J, US-PRC) and multilateral arrangements (KEDO) must be reinforced through enhanced multilateral co-operation to allow a peaceful Korean unification accepted by all parties concerned.     

“和平统一、一国两制”基本方针与构建社会主义和谐社会

"和平统一、一国两制"基本方针是中国共产党谋求两岸和平稳定的创举,是构筑我国社会主义和谐社会的重要部分,要在完整、全面理解的基础上加以贯彻.     

国家法制统一视野中的民族习惯法

我国是统一的多民族国家,统一的主权要求国家法制统一,但我国的多民族性也决定了国家法在民族地区的统一实施必然与少数民族地区特有的民族习惯法发生诸多碰撞.从理论和实践来看,这一现象的产生从国家法和民族习惯法来说都有其深刻原因,国家法制统一和民族习惯的存在与适用都有合理性与必要性.如何调适国家法与民族习惯法的关系,该文从民族习惯法的"限制"与"吸收"谈了一些看法,希望能对我国相关方面的研究有所裨益.     

Harmonization of private law on a global level

The Vienna Sales Convention (1980) follows in large measure the American Uniform Commercial Code: Article 2 on Sales. Is this to imply that the Contracting States to the Vienna Sales Convention really prefer American sales law? This paper answers this question in the negative, and argues instead that the United States’ economic leverage with other countries is the key factor influencing developments pertaining to private law on a global level.We explain why it may be useful to harmonize rules of private law on a global level and which rules should be chosen for a uniform law. We show that the choice between two legal arrangements may lead to a coordination problem. Next we argue that the coordination problem is solved in favor of the jurisdiction whose economy is less dependent upon the economies of other jurisdictions than the other way around. We use our model to discuss the harmonization of sales law on a global level in the twentieth century.