国际法在欧洲国家的适用问题研究

欧洲是国际法的发源地,关于国际法与国内法关系的学说最早于英国出现。国际习惯法与国际条约是国际法的主要渊源,考察欧洲国家适用国际习惯法与国际条约的法律规定与实践,国际法在欧洲国家有不同的适用问题。     

特殊农业雇佣习惯法研究——以民国时期山东地区为例说明

民国时期农业雇佣关系的调整主要靠大量的习惯法,即雇佣习惯法。与一般雇佣习惯法相区别,特殊雇佣习惯法是雇佣制度与租佃制度、借贷制度、典当制度相混合的产物,它们主要表现为种地头、二八种地、带地佣工及典雇等制度形态。     

清代民族法中"苗例"之考释

“苗例”作为清代法制的重要组成部分 ,对其所含正确理解具有重要的意义。清代“苗例”中“苗”不是现代民族学中的苗族 ,它具有泛指南方各民族群体和南方民族群体中那些没有阶级分化和独立公共权力机构的群体 ,即没有在土司或国家行政、司法控制下的群体。“苗疆”是清代南方民族地区改土归流后所形成的新开发区。“苗例”是南方各民族固有法或习惯法以及中央政府为南方民族特别制定的国家法。     

习惯法的刑事司法适用：举证与审查

习惯法之刑事实体机能的挖掘,最终是为其进入刑事司法操作开辟道路。本文的理论意图在于,对习惯法在刑事司法操作中可能面临的具体难题予以探讨。文章着重分析了习惯法的举证与审查问题。对前一问题而言,文章首先剖析了习惯法作为“事实”的性格,由此确立了其作为待证对象的地位。其次,文章结合习惯法在整体犯罪论结构中的不同角色和作用,分而治之地探讨了其举证责任的分配机理。就后一问题而言,文章主要从审查的必要、内容、标准等几个侧面入手,进行了讨论。其中,特别突出了民事上“公序良俗”原则之于习惯法刑事司法审查的重要意义。     

Interfacing interplay of local government,traditional leaders and society

Wilmien Wicomb from the Legal Resource Centre states that the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 marks the first time that customary law was recognised as a law equal to its common law and even statutory law counterparts. Whilst this recognition is implicit in chapter two of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence in 2000 placed such recognition beyond doubt to make sure that the legislature and executive entrench the understanding of constitutional recognition of customary practices. This article considers the following research question: Is the interface of the interplay of local government, traditional leaders and society possible to restore transformation and community development where there are traditional leaders’ presence? To answer, qualitative methodologies were explored. The study found that traditionality and modernity, lack of clarity of the role of traditional leaders, parallel administrations, power struggles and court battles needed resolve to ensure meaningful public-sector reforms and transformation.     

Shifting rights,property and authority in the forest frontier: ‘stakes’ for local land users and citizens

Customary land and forests are more embedded in the global economy than ever. With globally significant supplies of land and raw materials and favorable terms for foreign investors, developing countries – particularly in Africa – have become increasingly attractive trade partners and destinations for investors. Increasing competition over land is placing new pressures on vast tracts of forest and woodland, areas often considered ‘under-utilized’ by national governments despite their critical role in supporting local livelihoods. While increased demand for primary agricultural, forest and mining commodities in the context of forest tenure reforms and decentralized decision-making could create unprecedented economic opportunities for forest-dependent communities, increased ‘stakes’ over forest resources and land will undoubtedly heighten governance challenges. This is in no small part due to the political dynamics of property, and to the role of the ‘recursive constitution of property rights and authority’ in the evolution of the modern nation-state. By identifying the social ‘stakes’ associated with different pathways through which sectoral and extra-sectoral commodities shape forests, this paper provides a conceptual framework for analyzing how shifting contours of rights, property and authority in the context of forest-related trade and investment shape human well-being for affected communities and the wider citizenry of host countries. It then illustrates the use of the framework through its application to two brief case studies from southern Africa: tobacco production in Malawi and copper mining in Zambia. It is hoped that this framework will provide a meaningful contribution to growing scholarship on the political dynamics of property, and implications for rights-based approaches to agricultural investment and large-scale land acquisitions.     

习惯法研究中的“实用主义”倾向之反思

当前我国习惯法研究中充满着日益强烈的实用主义价值诉求与愈益精细的制度设想．这固然有其积极的实践意义和制度优化作用，但也存在“实用主义”倾向等诸多偏颇，制约了我国习惯法研究的深层次发展。究其原因在于大多数的习惯法研究者过于简单化地以西方的“实用主义”为依据和标准．既忽略了对“实用主义”内涵的深层理解和消化吸收，又没有把握习惯法的内在理路。为此，在今后的习惯法研究中，应结合全球化的时代背景，回到“实用主义”哲学的生成语境，从习惯法的内在理路来进行研究。     

探寻秩序维持中的中国因素——我的习惯法研究的过程和体会

本文是我在习惯法领域的学习过程、思考经历和点滴体会的小结。我认为需要反思学术研究中的态度、问题、视角、方法、材料、理论等,重视“一本书主义”,提高判断力,持续进行同一领域研究。     

习惯法与拉祜族习惯法论

本文评介了我国法学界对习惯法概念的界定,提出了自己的见解,强调应遵循对法律概念的科学界定,是讨论习惯法与拉祜族习惯法性质、地位、任务和价值取向归属的理论基础。本文认为阐明拉祜族习惯法属于法律外的习惯法,并探究拉祜族习惯法的价值取向。认为立足深入调查与研究拉祜族习惯法由来与发展的规律,是不断创新研究习惯法与拉祜族习惯法的最佳途径。     

十九世纪末地方法律实践状况考——一块碑文透出的历史信息

通过对一爿在四川省茂县羌区发现的不为人知的清末石碑进行考证 ,运用法律社会学、法人类学的研究方法详加分析 ,揭示了在十九世纪末地方法律实践状况中存在的法律多元与文化互动的历史现象 ,同时指出 ,国家制定法与民族习惯法的二元并存格局以及二者间相互交融、相互冲突、相互补充的关系模式 ,既构建了民间的社会秩序 ,又构成了我国法律传统的一个切面 ,由此对日本学者关于中国法律传统中不存在习惯法的观点提出质疑