试论上海合作组织面临的困境

上海合作组织成立以来，已在解决历史遗留边界问题，打击恐怖分子和“三股势力”，维护中亚的安全和稳定，以及推动区域性经济合作方面取得了显著的成绩。但自身也存在许多的矛盾和困难，在对外关系上也面临许多挑战，如何解决这些问题成为各方关注的焦点。     

欧盟与中国的软实力对地区和全球治理的影响

本文讨论了欧洲和中国软实力政治对于东亚地区治理过程以及全球治理的影响。文中笔者重点讨论了欧盟及美国对东亚地区特别是对中国政策的特点;指出了二者的区别所在,及其对东亚地区化进程以及东亚地区发展带来的不同影响。通过比较,说明软实力对于地区治理及全球治理将产生深远影响。     

趋同还是存异——世界经济一体化下各国劳动关系的比较研究

在1945 -1975年期间的所谓资本主义的黄金时代,典型资本主义社会的劳动关系各具特色,而且总体是协调的,劳资双方在妥协基础上达到了平衡,形成了劳资两利的双赢格局.随着世界经济一体化的不断深入,各个国家的劳动关系产生了柔性化的趋同倾向.趋同确实发生,但模式多样性持续存在并且在现代全球经济中依然重要.对于中国而言,在尊重市场原则的基础上,不迷信市场,充分重视制度作用和历史传承才是解决中国劳动关系问题的关键.     

A New Look at the Gender Gap in Offending

Studies of public support for capital punishment have consistently observed a strong and enduring gender gap in the level of death penalty support, with males consistently more inclined than females to support capital punishment. This unexplained relationship has endured over time and space as well as across a myriad of research designs. The present study uses attribution theory in a factorial survey design to account for this relationship. Analyses of data obtained from jurors provide mixed support for attribution theory yet fails to bridge the gender gap in death penalty support. The implications of these findings as they relate to gender, socialization, and attributions are discussed.     

Actively Cultivating Policy Similarity. A Regional Strategy in Education Policy in France and Germany

Regionalization processes across Western Europe have triggered analyses of regional policy divergence. Yet, in a number of cases, regional governments appear to have deliberately strived to achieve policy conformity. Previous research tends to emphasize exogenous explanations of regional policy convergence. In contrast, this paper addresses the issue of regional policy convergence by focusing on endogenous explanatory factors. Its objective is to carry out an investigation of when, how, and with what effect a ‘desire for conformity’ arises, and contends that regional governments may actively cultivate policy similarity as a strategy to develop or secure their policy capacity. Specifically, the paper argues that the adoption of this strategy is contingent upon two requirements that may or may not be met, and that its outcome is the convergence on targeted dimensions of regional policies. The two requirements are: (i) a countrywide public preference for policy uniformity in the policy area of concern, and (ii) the presence of a threat posed to regional policy capacity by various political entrepreneurs, including the central state, who blame regions for providing divergent policies on particular dimensions. This paper is based on the comparison of two case studies where regional governments deliberately pursued policy conformity on targeted dimensions of their education policy: school-building policy in France and curricula policy in Germany. The two case studies also present dissimilar features that make it possible to investigate the effects of institutional setting and policy distribution on the adoption and operation of the active-cultivation-of-policy-similarity strategy.     

未成年人犯罪案件在侦查环节的程序分流

对于某些未成年犯罪人,如果一味地坚持适用常规的刑事司法程序,反而会适得其反:一方面不能满足刑法的预防目的,另一方面也会导致司法效率的低下,与刑法的谦抑性不相符合。因此,应在侦查环节对部分未成年人犯罪案件进行分流。     

平等与合理差别——兼论统一人身损害赔偿标准立法

人身损害赔偿标准的多重性,是我国人身损害赔偿立法的基本特点。科学、合理的赔偿标准,是人身损害赔偿制度科学性的重要体现。在确定具体的赔偿标准时,应在承认合理差别的基础上追求法律规则的平等性与公正性。     

试论“差异性鉴定”现象的原因及其启示

精神障碍的“差异性鉴定”是我国当代刑事司法中发生的一种现象。在理论上分析,这种现象是由精神障碍鉴定证据的诸多内在限制所决定,而从现实来看,这种现象的大量出现则是我国市场经济条件下相关刑事法律规范调整的结果。这种调整使“分散型”鉴定机构体制得以形成,进而使鉴定专家的职业素质难以达到“同质化”的基本要求。     

Divergence in Community Participation Policy: Analysing Localism and Community Empowerment Using a Theory of Change Approach

The last two decades have witnessed a significant turn towards community participation in public policy around the globe, raising concerns that states are resorting to ‘government through community’, shifting responsibilities onto communities. In order to unpack the ambiguous rhetoric of policy statements, this article employs ideas from evaluation methodology to develop a generic theory of change for community participation policy. The model is then utilised to analyse and compare the UK Coalition Government’s Big Society/Localism agenda and the Scottish Government’s Community Empowerment approach, demonstrating the ways in which these represent a clear example of policy divergence, and potentially significant alternatives to state–community relations in the context of austerity. The article also demonstrates the potential wider applicability of ‘theories of change’ methodology for policy analysis.     

Die Schweizer Gemeinden im Wandel: Konvergenz oder Divergenz?

Switzerland is currently going through a phase of political restructuring. The numerous reform activities at the beginning of the twenty‐first century leave almost no area of political life untouched. The reforms are particularly abundant in the 2′867 municipalities, spanning from amalgamations, intermunicipal co‐operation, New Public Management, to reforms of the political systems. Accounting for the fact that there are big socio‐economic differences between the municipalities as well as their political systems, we investigate whether the municipalities are headed for divergence or convergence as a result of these reforms. The empirical results are derived from three surveys of the local authorities conducted in 1988, 1994, and 1998. The results indicate that the communes do convergence in regard to their administrative and political structure. However, the convergence appears to be limited to the single cantons and observable only among certain types of municipalities.