不同培养液对牛孤雌生殖胚胎和体细胞核移植胚胎体外发育的影响

采用体外成熟的牛卵母细胞 ,经 5 μmol/LIonomycin 5min和 2mmol/L 6 DMAP 5 μg/mLCCB 4h激活 ,分别在TALP M 199(TM ,1∶2 )、BMOC M 199(BM ,1∶2 )和CR1aa培养液内培养 ,2 4h和 3 6h各组卵母细胞的卵裂率分别为5 6.4%、5 5 .6%、5 3 .6%和 72 .0 %、75 .9%、79.0 % ,无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;培养 8d后囊胚发育率分别为 18.2 %、2 1.4%和 2 9.3 % ,CR1aa内培养孤雌生殖胚的囊胚发育率显著高于TM (P <0 .0 1)。皮肤成纤维细胞构建的重组胚经同法激活后 ,分别在TM、BM和CR1aa内培养 ,2 4h和 3 6hBM和CR1aa内重组胚的卵裂率显著高于TM (4 9.7%、49.8%比 2 0 .5 % ;74.1%、73 .2 %比 5 0 .0 % ) (P <0 .0 1) ;虽然培养 8d后各组胚胎的囊胚发育率无显著差异 ,但CR1aa内重组胚的囊胚发育率稍高 (12 .3 %比 9.8%、11.5 % )。结果表明 ,CR1aa更适合孤雌生殖和体细胞核移植胚胎的体外培养。     

FSH对仔猪睾丸支持细胞增殖和GDNF表达的调节

以原代培养的仔猪睾丸支持细胞(SC)为试验模型,研究了FSH对SC胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)表达及其增殖的影响。结果显示,外源性添加FSH可促进GDNF蛋白表达,而且这种促进作用具有浓度和时间依赖关系,GDNF蛋白水平随着FSH浓度的增加而升高,当FSH浓度为50 ng/mL时,GDNF水平达到最高,然后逐渐降低;FSH(50 ng/mL)作用30 min,可显著促进GDNF蛋白的表达(P<0.05),当FSH作用1 h时,GDNF蛋白水平达到最高,随后逐渐降低。FSH可以时间-剂量依赖性促进SC增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,FSH(50 ng/mL)作用30 min时,PCNA的表达显著增加(P<0.05),作用1 h达极显著水平(P<0.01),至2 h时,PCNA蛋白的表达水平达到最高,随后逐渐降低。提示,FSH可在体外条件下通过刺激SC表达GDNF进而促进其增殖。     

氟对山羊成骨细胞增殖分化及钙化功能的调节

为探讨氟化物对反刍动物骨骼代谢的影响及对成骨细胞的作用机理,以初生山羊股骨骨膜为材料,采用半消化组织块培养法分离成骨细胞,进行传代培养,并通过形态观察、扫描电镜、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和矿化结节染色进行鉴定。通过噻唑蓝(MTT)染色、AKP活性测定和钙化结节计数,研究不同浓度的氟对山羊成骨细胞增殖、分化及钙化的影响。结果表明,加氟48 h和96 h后,1.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/L氟可促进成骨细胞增殖,其中1.0×10-7及1.0×10-6mol/L氟与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),高浓度氟(1.0×10-3mol/L)则抑制成骨细胞增殖(P<0.01);而1.0×10-4及5.0×10-4mol/L氟作用48 h对成骨细胞增殖无影响,作用96 h转而抑制成骨细胞增殖(P<0.01)。1.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/L氟能显著增强成骨细胞AKP活性及钙化能力(P<0.01),但氟浓度高于5.0×10-4mol/L时,AKP活性及钙化能力明显下降(P<0.01)。证实,低剂量氟能促进体外培养的山羊成骨细胞增殖分化及钙化,高剂量的氟则表现抑制作用。     

POLICIES OF LAST RESORT FOR DEALING WITH NORTH KOREA’S NUCLEAR WEAPONS PROGRAMME

This paper analyzes the policy remedies for dealing with North Korea's nuclear weapons and missile programs. After six nuclear tests and three recent successful ICBM tests, North Korea is close to miniaturizing nuclear warheads and establishing a reliable delivery system, thus achieving a much-feared nuclear weapons capability. In defiance of the extraordinarily tough U.N. Security Council resolutions, Pyongyang persists in developing nuclear weapons. North Korea's nuclear weapons program already has exceeded the strategic patience, of the U.S.-ROK alliance. Harsher policy options to deal with the DPRK nuclear weapons are imperative. Several drastic options, including severe sanctions, preventive bombing, nuclear armament of South Korea, are evaluated in the final round of engagement policy on guaranteeing nonaggression and a peace agreement with Pyongyang.     

探索提升基层外汇局内审价值的新途径

随着外部环境的变化,现代内部审计已从传统的监督、评价功能向价值增值功能拓展。因此,探索提升外汇局内部审计价值增值功能的有效途径,有着极其重要的现实意义和理论意义。     

Unexpected Persistence Amidst Enlargement Stasis: Usages of Europe in Turkey’s Nuclear Energy Debate

Recent studies on European Union (EU) Enlargement have emphasised the importance of usages of ‘Europe’ by domestic actors as a necessary condition for the EU to have an impact on domestic politics. We study the usages of Europe in the critical case of Turkey’s nuclear energy policy. We analyse the narratives and actions of domestic actors in Turkey to identify if they use ‘Europe’ (the EU and the idea of Europe). We reach the counter-intuitive finding of usages by both state and non-state actors, which illustrates that usages of Europe can persist despite enlargement stasis in candidate states.     

美朝核风波的实质与六方会谈的出路

美朝核风波再起的实质是美国霸权与朝鲜生存权的又一次政治博弈,美朝核风波的实质看成是生存权与霸权的政治博弈。进而为此展开的六方会谈框架又成为一组多方政治博弈平台。在美朝核风波愈演愈烈、几近战争临界值之际,中国从维护地区安全出发,积极出面斡旋,经三方会谈而达成了六方会谈框架。六方会谈的达成意义重大,舒解了“战争临界”;彰显了“中国作用”;取得了可视化成果。不应否认,六方会谈框架存在某种不足,却仍是解决朝核问题的最现实、最可行的方式。     

中国在朝鲜半岛的地缘安全战略分析

朝鲜半岛地处东北亚核心地带,是我国重要的战略侧翼。作为与中国山水相连、唇齿相依的邻邦,朝鲜半岛在中国的地缘安全战略中一直具有极其重要的意义。冷战结束以来,朝鲜半岛的地缘政治环境发生了重大变化,原来由美苏主导的两极格局趋向多极化,在某种程度上形成了大国相互竞争的局面,处于较弱地位的朝韩两国也不由自主地被纳入了周边大国的战略轨道,半岛形势空前复杂化。而两次朝核危机的爆发更使朝鲜半岛局势的发展跌宕起伏,波折不断。面对错综复杂的半岛形势,中国从"维护朝鲜半岛的和平与稳定"这一战略目标出发,确立了以"对话和合作"为基本特征的安全战略,并积极推动朝核问题的和平解决,为缓和半岛紧张局势,维护东北亚地区和平与稳定发挥了不可替代的作用。     

Germany’s Renewable Energy Shift: Addressing Climate Change

This essay considers how the state can be used successfully to initiate and support an energy shift from nuclear energy to renewable energy, as demonstrated by Germany’s Renewable Energy Act from 2000 and its previous Electricity Feed-in-Law (1991). As a result of these nationwide policies, Germany has reduced levels of greenhouse gas emissions, has a higher level of both energy security and employment in the renewable energy industry than the US. Germany is a global leader in this industry and provides a model for other nations in this regard.     

Arguing deep ideational change

ABSTRACT

How do actors come to contest previously uncontested background ideas? This is a difficult question to ask. On the one hand, deep backgrounds seem to be too foundational for actors to transform. Their political efficacy appears to end where ideas constitute their efficacy in the first place. On the other hand, ideas must not be reified. Even deeply taken-for-granted ideas do not always stay the same, and agents have a lot to do with these changes. In order to answer this question, we draw from social theory and rhetorical studies. We conceptualize the deep background as nomos, and the more easily accessible background as endoxa. We then proceed to identify three sets of conditions that make nomic change possible. These relate to opportunity, message, and messenger. Nomic change becomes possible when the need for something new has become widely established and a supply of new nomic ideas is easily available (opportunity); new nomic ideas are ‘smuggled’ into more orthodox and widely resonating arguments (message) as well as rhetorical encounters in which these arguments are made; and advocates are widely recognized as interlocutors (messenger). A plausibility probe of nomic contestation about nuclear governance provides evidence for this framework.