特权思想和特权现象的形成及治理对策

特权思想是当前干部队伍中的毒瘤,危害党的纯洁性,腐蚀干部的思想和良知,直接影响党在人民群众中的威信,威胁国家的长治久安.只有深化体制、机制改革,加大惩治力度,积极探索科技防腐的新措施,才能有效减少特权,达到治理目的.     

When Do Men Represent Women’s Interests in Parliament? How the Presence of Women in Parliament Affects the Legislative Behavior of Male Politicians

This paper analyzes the conditions affecting male Members of Parliaments’ (MPs) proclivity for representing women’s interests. It particularly explores whether the presence of female MPs has an effect on men’s parliamentary behavior. Three contrasting effects are discussed in the literature: (1) A spillover effect which postulates that men will become more likely to act on behalf of women if the number of female MPs increases, (2) a group‐threat effect which creates a hostile backlash among male MPs, or (3) a specialization effect which makes male MPs less likely to represent women because this is typically seen as a function that should be fulfilled by female MPs. Empirically, this paper analyzes the representation of women’s issues in parliamentary questions tabled in the German Bundestag (1998‐2013) by using automated content analysis. The results support the specialization hypothesis and show that male MPs reduce their intensity of women’s representation if the proportion of female MPs is high.     

Determinants of legislative turnover in Western Europe, 1945–2015

This article explains legislative turnover in eight West European legislatures over 152 general elections in the period 1945–2015. Turnover is measured as the rate of individual membership change in unicameral or lower chambers. It is the outcome of a legislative recruitment process with a supply and a demand side. Decisions made by contenders affect supply, while decisions made by parties and voters influence demand. Such decisions are shaped by four political and institutional factors: the institutional context of political careers, or structure of political career opportunities; political party characteristics; electoral swings; and electoral systems. Ten specific hypotheses are tested within this theoretical framework. The structure of political career opportunities is the most decisive factor explaining variability in turnover rates, followed by electoral swings and political parties. Electoral systems show less substantive effects. Electoral volatility is the predictor with the most substantive effects, followed by duration of legislative term, strength of bicameralism, regional authority, gender quotas, level of legislative income and district magnitude.     

比较与借鉴:论反对强迫自证其罪原则

欧洲国家在适用不强迫自证其罪原则方面有着比较成熟的做法,为了保障被追诉人此项特权的有效性,具体从如下三点着手:其一,将此特权的适用领域拓展至行政法领域。其二,对秘侦措施中的隐秘探话进行必要的限制。其三,对刑事扣押对象进行必要的限制。我国新刑事诉讼法也确立了此项特权,但与之相关的立法存在冲突,有关的配套制度付之阙如,严重影响了被追诉人此项特权的有效性,需要借鉴欧洲人权法院的做法予以完善。     

美国证据法上的配偶证言特免权——以特莱默案为中心

美国《联邦证据规则》对特免权做了比较概括的规定，而我国法律并没有明确地规定任何特免权规则。在美国普通法的背景下，几个重要判决对配偶证言特免权的发展产生了重要的影响。美国证据法中配偶证言特免权制度为我们提供了学习和参考的依据，有利于证据理论和实践的研究及探讨，有助于我国相关证据规则的建立。     

论急危病症抢救中的医师治疗特权——《侵权责任法》第五十六条之适用范围

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》已经实施近一年，其对我国现有医疗纠纷处理法律制度发挥了重要的推进和补充作用。但是，针对社会上发生的一系列案件，就《侵权责任法》第五十六条的适用范围进行分析和阐述，并提出医师的治疗特权概念，以期促进和谐医患关系的构建。     

National parliamentary control and voting in the Council of the European Union

This article explores the different ways governments express dissent in the Council of the European Union (EU) through ‘No’ votes, abstentions and recorded negative statements. A game-theoretical model is presented that studies voting behaviour and analyses how the national parliaments’ levels of control over their governments’ EU policies affect it. It is concluded that governments that are strongly controlled by their parliaments are not more likely to express dissent. However, when they do express dissent, they vote ‘No’ more often. Parliamentary control depends on the presence of formal oversight institutions as well as the motivation of parliamentarians to hold their governments accountable. Empirical support is found in an analysis of votes on 1,387 legislative proposals that represent more than a decade of Council decision making in the period 2004–2014. This article contributes to the discussion on the involvement of national parliaments in EU affairs, and clearly distinguishes the different forms of dissent in Council decision making.     

英国宪政的精髓:议会主权与司法独立相结合的宪政体制

英国作为创建近代宪政制度的开路先锋,既没有成熟的宪政模式可资借鉴,也缺乏系统的宪政理论以供指导。然而,英国宪政却在实践中运行顺畅、效果良好,并在总体上表现出平稳性与实用性的特征。造成这一现象的根本原因在于,议会主权与司法独立相结合的宪政体制。前者关乎国家的内政、外交及其国家治理,通过不同权力之间的配置制约王权;后者关乎社会秩序与正义,通过特殊的"技艺理性",以看似顽固不变的改良方式维持着对于任何专断权力的制约。     

证人出庭作证问题研究

证人出庭作证是保证司法公正的基本措施。针对我国司法实践中普通存在的证人拒绝出庭作证的现象 ,有必要从转变司法观念 ,建立强制证人出庭作证制度 ,完善证人保护制度 ,贯彻直接言词原则 ,建立证人特权制度等方面 ,有效解决证人出庭作证的问题。     

借助国家司法权力实施诈骗的行为性质探讨

利用法院的判决、裁定或仲裁机构的裁定从事诈骗活动的案件在全国各地屡有发生。根据该行为的主体、主观方面、客体、客观方面以及现行法律的有关规定,我们认为这种行为以诈骗罪定罪处理为宜。