Age and family structures among the Jews of Mitau, Kurland, 1833–1834

The article analyzes an 1834 listing of the Jewish inhabitants in the city of Mitau in the province of Kurland, one of the Baltic provinces (the other two were Estland and Livland) of the Russian Empire. From Catherine the Great's reign onward, the Jewish population of the Baltic provinces rose steadily throughout the 19th century, but microstudies of Jewish communities in the region are virtually nonexistent, especially for the first half of the century. The Mitau list shows that the Jewish population there was very young, with about 45% being in the age group 0–14. Age at first marriage for males was about 24 years, and for females 21. From about age 35, 93% of males and 97% of females were married. The mean size of the family group was 5.8 persons, and about a third of all families were either extended (containing unmarried relatives beyond the nuclear family) or multiple (more than one kin-linked conjugal family unit). Judging by kinship terms in the source, the kin system tilted toward patrilineality, as would be expected. These characteristics need to be compared to other Jewish communities before and after 1834—in the Baltic area and surrounding regions—but the paucity of local studies suggests that some time will pass before the Mitau findings can be placed in an adequate comparative framework.     

Trends in the proportion of married women of reproductive age in Spain, 1887–1991

Using the Princeton nuptiality index I_m, we analyzed historical developments in the proportion of married women of reproductive age in Spain. We show the internal diversity in nuptiality patterns and offer an explanatory statistical model based on panel data analysis to identify the main variables influencing these changes over more than a century (1887–1991). We found that Spain has been the developed country with the greatest contrasts in its provincial nuptiality patterns (measured by I_m), although this diversity has lessened over the course of time. We also found that some socioeconomic variables (the gross domestic product per capita and the percentage of population living in cities) do not have a linear relationship with female nuptiality but rather have a U shape or an inverted U shape. This may partly account for some of the controversy that has raged on this topic over the past few decades on an international level.     

东北振兴过程中的对外开放:中俄合作

《东北地区振兴规划》提出了通过扩大对外开放,加速东北老工业基地振兴。俄罗斯是东北对外开放主要对象国。在东北振兴规划框架下,中俄区域经济合作应该是互动发展、共生发展、和谐发展。充分发挥本区域的经济优势,引进国外的资金和先进技术,提高生产效率,调整产业结构,达到生产要素的国际最佳配置,实现老工业基地的再次辉煌。《规划》初次提出了在理论上要突破以国家为单位的国际区域一体化,而在相邻的两个国家部分地区实行一体化。实践上中俄区域双方的经济合作要达到互动、共生、和谐的发展状态。为此,建议在中俄区域合作中,要把东北作为一个经济体的概念,以区域化打破原有的行政区划。     

东北三省与内蒙古跨区域经济合作研究

东北三省和内蒙古东部组成的东北经济区,是我国最早形成并在结构上相对完整的大经济区,有着区域经济合作的天然条件和深厚基础。加强四省区跨区域合作是东北振兴规划的延伸与具体化,是实施东北振兴规划的重点。东北三省与蒙东省际合作的主要领域:能源领域、原材料领域、加工工业领域、科技文化领域、地区中心城市间合作、跨省际的生态环境与流域治理合作等。     

保持党的纯洁性推动贵州跨越发展

党的纯洁性内涵丰富，意义重大。新时期保持党的纯洁性面临着新的情况和问题，作为欠发达地区的贵州要以改革创新精神，探索后发赶超、跨越发展的内在规律和路径，切实做好保持党的纯洁性的各项工作，不断增强党的纯洁性的自觉性和主动性。     

跨界治理视阈下我国危机管理跨省际合作机制探究

本文通过对危机管理视角梳理,提出一个新的理论视角——危机管理跨省际合作,通过对建构这一机制的理论基础的阐述,发现这一机制存在的主要障碍,最终寻求合理途径提出相应对策。     

Citizenship status and social exclusion in Estonia and Latvia

Abstract

Findings from the Norbalt living conditions surveys in Estonia and Latvia are used to examine whether persons without Estonian and Latvian citizenship are at greater risk of social exclusion than citizens in these two countries. the level of integration into the labor market, participation in civil society and political life, degree of social isolation, and the level of economic resources among the two groups are analyzed. In Estonia non-citizens are more at risk of social exclusion compared to Estonian citizens, while in Latvia one finds no statistically significant difference between the groups. In both countries educational level is much more important than citizenship status in explaining social exclusion.     

东北三省提升对俄经贸合作水平值得思考的几个问题

中俄经贸合作形势大好,这为东北三省振兴老工业基地提供了新机遇。但是,近年来东北三省对俄经贸合作不尽如人意。要改变这种状况,使对俄经贸合作登上新台阶,达到较高水平,必须对其意义有新的认识,开拓新的发展思路。     

The 1881 census in the Russian Baltic provinces: An inventory and an assessment

The 1881 census of the Russian Baltic provinces of Livland, Estland, and Kurland was the first modern-type systematic population enumeration in the Baltic area. It had been preceded by enumerations of other kinds—land cadastres that included aggregate population counts (during Swedish control of the area) in the 17th century, and fiscal revisions (during Russian control of the area) that did list residents by name but did not follow any principles of modern census-taking. The Baltic German politico-economic elite, which controlled public affairs in the Baltic provinces, decided to carry out a census of a modern kind, and produced the 1881 count. Although initially the initiative was coordinated by the statistical specialists of the three provinces, the publication of results was decentralized, resulting in a series of volumes that supplied different tables for each province. The article analyzes the contents of the census, some of its shortcomings, as well as its strengths.