暴狱发生的原因及预防

近年来,国外接连发生暴狱事件。随着形势的变化,罪犯袭警、劫持人质、暴力冲监等成为我国监狱目前面临的主要安全隐患。暴狱有其自身的特点和原因,具有极强的危害性,我们必须针对不同的暴狱状况,寻求应对暴狱问题的防范对策。     

Politics or prejudice? Explaining individual-level hostilities in India’s Hindu–Muslim conflict

ABSTRACT

Multiple explanations have been proposed for what drives India’s Hindu–Muslim conflict. Harnessing novel approaches to data acquisition and analysis, this paper uses insights from an electronic survey with 1,414 respondents to test three prominent theories of why individuals promote conflict with out-groups. The results show that security concerns for the future are strong predictors for a hostile stance and approval of violence. Experiences of violence in the past do not seem to systematically perpetuate hostility. Personal experiences with out-groups strongly correlate with hostile sentiments. These results hold across model specifications, post-stratified estimation based on census data, and a benchmark relying on Finite Mixture Models.     

Missed opportunities: learning from the mistakes at Attica

The Attica prison riot was the culmination of years of increasing tension between the urban, racial, and ethnic minorities held at the prison and the rural, white officers, and administrators responsible for incarcerating them. While race was certainly an important factor in the riot, there were also a number of problems at the prison that prompted inmates of all races to unite against the New York State Department of Correctional Services and the state government. Inmates’ frustration increased as they waited for reforms that were promised but never materialized. As inmates’ patience waned, the prison administration made a number of decisions that damaged its ability to maintain peace and respond to problems. A review of the circumstances leading to the riot at the Attica Penitentiary in September 1971 is included as well as an analysis of some more recent riots where similar conditions and warning signs were present.     

德国防暴警察的武器装备

警用武器和装备显示一个国家警察部队战斗力的强弱。德国边防警察部队作为制暴平乱和防恐打恐的主力部队,其警用武器先进,装备精良,具有强大的威力和效能,在世界各国的警用武器装备方面具有领先地位。然而,德国政府和边防警察部队从不满足现状,随着全球恐怖活动的升级和国内暴(骚)乱规模的扩大,仍在开发和引进更加先进的警用武器装备。目前,德国边防警察部队的警用武器装备,正朝着实用化、系列化、标准化和普及化的方向发展。     

德国防暴警察的行动战术

政治动乱和社会骚乱是德国这个老牌资本主义国家经常面临的问题。德国边防警察部队作为联邦德国一支重要的警察力量 ,由于其训练有素、装备精良和高度军事化、机动化等特点 ,被确定为德国机动防暴警察部队。德国边防警察部队不负重望 ,根据防暴警察联合行动的特点和要求 ,不断开发和利用更加先进的防暴武器和装备 ,并且十分重视防暴警察处置游行示威、处置球迷骚乱、保卫大型运动会、打击抢劫银行犯罪以及要人警卫等行动战术的总结、研究和应用 ,取得了惊人的效果     

Vulnerable warriors: the atmospheric marketing of military and policing equipment before and after 9/11

In this article, we analyse changes in the circulation of advertisements of policing products at security expos between 1995 and 2013. While the initial aim of the research was to evidence shifts in terrorist frames in the marketing of policing equipment before and after 9/11, our findings instead suggested that what we are seeing is the rise of marketing to police as “vulnerable warriors”, law enforcement officers in need of military weapons both for their offensive capabilities and for the protection they can offer to a police force that is always under threat.     

国外控制球迷骚乱的若干经验及对我国的启示

球迷骚乱是现代足球运动的负面伴生物 ,其历史可以追溯到 19世纪后半期。国外警方在与之进行长期斗争的过程中 ,逐渐积累了一系列较为成熟的经验和做法。随着我国足球职业化改革的不断深化 ,在我国各地举行的足球赛事不断增多 ,球场安全问题也日益凸显出来。学习和借鉴国外做法 ,有利于我国警方更好地控制球迷骚乱 ,维护球场安全。     

Bread and justice in Qajar Iran: the moral economy,the free market and the hungry poor

In 1971, E. P. Thompson published a seminal article on eighteenth century English bread riots which was to become a foundational text for the study of such protests. Challenging older elite notions of the irrationality, illegitimacy and even criminality of the ‘mob’, Thompson situated popular direct action in times of food crises within a very specific historical, economic and, most importantly, cultural context. This context produced a deeply held adhesion among the poor to the concept of a ‘moral economy’ and an equally profound rejection of the free market as enshrined in the new political economy of the eighteenth century. This article returns to Thompson's original text in order to assess to what extent his paradigm may be useful in understanding bread riots in Iran. In particular, it examines the evidence which supports the notion that Iran experienced a ‘golden age’ of bread riots in the 1890s and early 1900s, just before and indeed contributing to the outbreak of the constitutional revolution.