城市农民工阶层化问题探讨

随着改革开放以来中国社会转型以及城市化进程加速,城市农民工内部已经发生了阶层分化,从上到下依次划分为准市民身份的农民工、自我雇佣的个体农民工、依靠打工维生的农民工、失业农民工、失地农民工这五个阶层。经济收入的差异是导致城市农民工内部发生分化的最直接、最本质的原因。农民工阶层化未来发展将呈现出城市农民工数量持续增加,农民工阶层在经济层面进一步分化,农民工阶层由基础的经济层面的分化进一步转向政治和社会层面的分化,城市农民工的阶层流动从自发转为自为等趋势。     

Racialisation of Immigrants at Work: Labour Mobility and Segmentation of Peruvian Migrants in Chile

This article explores the emergent racialisation of Peruvian migrants as one element conditioning the labour segregation that characterises Peruvian insertion in Chile. We understand racialisation as a process of construction of categories in which both individual and collective actors participate, and whose expression is demonstrated by the differentiation and inequality that affects the racialised group. We tackle the articulation of racial differences among individual actors, both Chilean employers and Peruvian migrant workers, to suggest that the attribution of naturalised characteristics to migrants is related to segregation, mobility, and specific trajectories in the labour market.     

如何认识我国现阶段阶级阶层的新变化

文章分析了我国现阶段阶级阶层变化的趋势、原因和特点 ,认为我国现阶段阶级构成的基本格局没有变 ,仍是工人阶级和农民阶级两大阶级 ,但每个阶级内部发生了重大变化。同时 ,社会分层化趋势明显 ,出现了若干新的社会阶层     

Jelly’s Place: An Ethnographic Memoir

This is a report of a field experience in retrospect. An ethnographic study of black streetcorner men, it was conducted in the early 1970s among the patrons of Jelly’s Place, a bar and liquor store on the South Side of Chicago. The 55 men came repeatedly to Jelly’s corner and created a local social stratification system. The focus of the study was the way in which they made and remade their local status system in everyday life. This document describes the field work experience which led me to focus on this particular sociological issue and to represent the social dynamics of the group.     

社会学视角下的东西经济差异的深层成因

东西经济差距在改革年间迅猛扩大而成为一个重大的经济问题、政治问题和社会问题。东西经济差距是一种社会分层现象 ,即贫富分化在地域上的具体表现形式。鉴于市场与权力在社会分层的作用及市场与权力和制度的密切关系 ,可以说东西地区经济差距产生的深层原因是相关权力与市场的制度安排 ,所以其解决的根本途径是以制度重建来消除市场的非正常社会分化的作用 ,以制度重建来重塑权力在社会分层的动力角色 ,以发展西部经济来消除东西经济差距 ,实现共同繁荣。     

Reproduction Versus Transformation: The Case of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

ABSTRACT

This article offers a constructive critique of Fehl and Freistein's argument that international organisations (IOs) significantly affect international stratification, either producing, reproducing or transforming inequality. It suggests that without reference to the specific purposes which individual IOs pursue and the forces driving global change, it is impossible to predict either when the goals of IOs and states might diverge, or when a particular IO might promote the reproduction of inequality on the one hand, or its transformation on the other. In particular, divergence between states on the one hand and IOs charged with the management of the global economy on the other is explained by the fact that the IOs concerned are committed to the reproduction of capital on a global scale, and therefore to the continuous transformation of global hierarchies. The argument is supported by a case study of IO support for China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).     

Perceived corruption, distributive justice, and the legitimacy of the system of social stratification in the Czech Republic

This article examines the relationship between social justice norms and the perceived legitimacy of the social stratification system in the Czech Republic. Despite the fact that meritocratic values have remained the dominant part of ideology in the Czech Republic throughout the transformation process, those values have played only a very minor role in fostering evaluations of system legitimacy, such as perceptions of system closure and widespread inequality. This article argues that perceived corruption is the key factor that negatively mediates the relationship between norms of distributive justice and beliefs about social legitimacy, and ultimately plays a major role in reducing the legitimacy of the social stratification system. The main analysis uses a structural equation model based on Czech data from the ISSP Role of Government Survey in 2006. The evidence lends support to the path dependency view of the social transformation process, according to which rampant corruption, which was a core legacy of the market transformation process, continues to shape system legitimacy even in the face of relative economic prosperity of the mid 2000s.     

小城镇各阶层家庭消费结构实证研究——以S小城镇调查为例

本文从消费的角度分析社会分层的现象,采用这种方法的一个原因是消费的概念可以揭示一个事实：消费嵌入于具体的社会关系中。通过对S小城镇家庭消费结构的实证研究,说明消费不仅仅是意义的符号游戏,而与地位概念相对立。总的来说,家庭的消费不仅被所属的社会阶级所型塑,而且也为其所属阶级和其他阶级之间的关系所型塑。     

现代性、社会分层与监狱类型发展

监狱类型是刑罚思想影响下监狱形态的多向度的存在,是历史性与现实性相融合的制度话语。在现代性语境下,监狱虽然一般多以罪犯的年龄、性别、人身危险性等为标准设定．但按照高、中、低等三种基本警戒度来分类监狱,也渐成趋势。当下,建构监狱类型不应悬置或忽视社会分层与社会流动问题。押犯入狱前的阶层身份,对其服刑与改造历程的影响是相当复杂、深刻的。监狱分类与分级管理,都应当关注囚犯来源阶层构成。从现有押犯捕前阶层构成来看,起码要针对来自于中间阶层和底层的囚犯设定监狱类型,即可以考虑增设“中间／中产阶层”监狱和“农业／无业阶层”监狱,以推进法治维度上的监狱类型的发展。     

农村社会阶层分化对维护农村社会稳定的挑战及其应对措施

当前,中国农村社会正处于社会转型期,单一型社会结构已经解体,复合型社会结构得以重构,传统意义上的农民阶级出现分化和重组,农村社会呈现出利益分化、价值观念分化和组织分化的局面,从而给农村社会的和谐稳定带来了挑战。本文认为,可以通过发展农村经济、促进社会公平、构建社会主义核心价值体系和整合基层组织资源等途径来确保农村地区的长期和谐稳定与发展。