患者知情同意权

让患者知情同意义务是近些年来在医疗诉讼过程中逐步从一般注意义务中分化出来的特殊注意义务。IC产生有其深刻的社会背景,医师在医疗行为时要对患者进行充分的告知并取得患者的同意以保障患者自我决定权的实现。     

The European Union's approach to online behavioural advertising: Protecting individuals or restricting business?

The European Union (EU) has firmly set its stall out to protect individuals' data and privacy and has demonstrated this through the rejection of the old opt-out regime and the introduction of the new opt-in rules. These require businesses to obtain individual's prior and informed consent before their data are collected, stored and used for the purposes of online behavioural advertising (OBA). Individuals in the EU are afforded protection from the apparent dangers relating to data privacy and misuse that is associated with OBA, which is beyond the expectation of most Internet users. However, there are some criticisms levelled at the law that the EU has produced. Is simply gaining informed consent sufficient for protecting all types of information? Do certain types of information require a higher level of consent than others? Does the law fulfil its aim of protecting data subject's privacy and data? Is the current law restrictive to business? Do individuals know or care that their information is being collected for the purposes of targeted advertising and is there a better way to ensure that they do? Finally, will proposed new law to be found in the EU Data Protection Regulation solve any of these problems? This article will assess whether, as a policy decision, the EU's current approach has been too cautious in its attempts to protect individuals or restrict business.     

Default entitlements in personal data in the proposed Regulation: Informational self-determination off the table … and back on again?

This paper aims to assess the proposed General Data Protection Regulation through the framework of default entitlements in personal data. The notion of default entitlements comes from economic analysis of law and provides new insights into the implications of the data protection reform. While, under the principle of informational self-determination the default entitlements should lie with the individual, the Commission is shown to assign a great deal of default rights to others, including the Information Industry. This article cautions against the possibility of reducing the European system of data protection rooted in the values of individual autonomy and informational self-determination to a mere set of administrative rules channelling the flow of personal data, yet without a clear direction.     

User control of personal information concerning mobile-app: Notice and consent?

This paper discusses the practical value of the traditional privacy protection measure “notice and consent” in the mobile context. It analyses the weakness of this approach in the mobile context through a user survey and subsequent analysis. This paper will demonstrate, in the context of mobile commerce, the simple ‘notice and consent’ measure may not be a very useful measure to enhance control; moreover, shifting the burden of privacy protection to data subjects' self-control may not be sufficient for meaningful privacy protection in the era of Big Data. Given this reality, some new solutions, such as providing meaningful alternatives, use of more effective privacy protection software, and better design of warnings and nudges are suggested.     

推定同意的刑法意义探究——兼谈医疗手术行为中的紧急推定同意

推定同意是指根据事实的具体情况推定被害人同意对其合法利益造成侵害的行为：推定同意有为被害人利益的推定同意和为他人利益的推定同意、紧急推定同意和非紧急推定同意之分;不同类型的推定同意,其效力依据有所不同;推定同意经被害人认可,特殊情况下经司法人员认可。与实在同意具有同样的效力;医疗手术行为中的推定同意应当符合最佳利益原则．实施和作出对被害人最有利的行为和决定。     

Data protection in Europe – Some thoughts on reading the academic manifesto

The commentary by academics on the proposed European General Data Protection Regulation in [2013] 29 CLSR 180 has provoked thoughts in response. The responder strongly agrees with the doubts expressed about the definition of personal data, anonymisation and the identifiability of individuals. On the other hand, he disagrees with the views on consent and legitimacy and proposes support for a risk-based approach to data protection. He suggests that data protection does not need to be defended from the attack that it stifles business, but is justifiable for its assertion of fundamental rights. In conclusion, he shares the criticism of the European Commission's delegated and implementing powers and is concerned that the Regulation will be rushed to a conclusion for reasons of political ambition.     

从肖志军案引发的法律问题思考

肖志军案被社会和理论界所关注源于目前针对医疗违法阻却理由的混淆和概念模糊，笔者从违法阻却理由理论人手，试图穷尽所有医疗领域中的违法阻却理由。笔者结合肖志军案件指出了我国立法的缺陷和不足，并介绍了美国判例法中的医疗特权，进而提出我国立法亟待明确医疗特权的范畴，以便于避免此类悲剧的再次发生。     

从“不签字不手术”看“告知后同意法则”——对医患关系的再思考

"告知后同意法则"对现代医患关系之改善有根本性的影响,其旨在希望借助法律的医师说明义务,来加强医患间的沟通以增进患者对医师之信赖,尊重和维护患者的自主权,进而使医患关系趋向和谐。在实践中,我们既要注重法则自身的刚性,同时又必须依特殊的情形——危及生命安全适用其柔性,以避免患者掉入空虚的自主权。     

论患者知情同意权的行使与紧急救治的关系

随着公众观念的转变和法律意识的增强,医患之间的冲突已成为当今社会的一个突出矛盾。医疗纠纷多与患者知情同意权有关,在对患者知情同意权详细了解的基础上,重点分析紧急情况下患者的知情同意权与医生紧急救治措施实施之间的冲突,以期寻找到合理解决之道。     

Legal grounds to process personal data under Spanish legislation after the ECJ Judgment of 24 November 2011 (the ASNEF and FECEMD case)

Spanish law on personal data protection regulates (among other issues) the legal bases that permit the processing of data in a way that is similar to that set out in Directive 95/46/EC. Consent constitutes the general rule although data may be processed without it if necessary for administration functions, within the framework of a contractual relationship, in order to safeguard the vital interests of the data subject or if they are included in sources accessible to the public. However, unlike the Directive, legitimate interest is not recognised as an independent reason for processing data, whereas a legal ground that is not set out in community law is included, i.e., sources accessible to the public. This paper analyses these two cases, taking as its starting point consent, along with the consequences that the ECJ Judgment of 24 November 2011 regarding the interpretation of Article 7 of Directive 95/46/EC may have and giving attention to the revision of this Directive itself.