Analysis of off-farm work decisions among smallholder farm households in Burkina Faso

This article investigates off-farm work decisions by smallholder farm households. Using data on 1,101 households from Burkina Faso, it demonstrates that in addition to the usual household socio-demographic characteristics, remittances, access to information and beneficiary of specific training affect off-farm work decisions, as well as rainfall factors and idiosyncratic health shocks. Community characteristics such as accessibility and number of inhabitants are also key factors. While suggesting that off-farm work is less likely to be undertaken for accumulation purposes, these results have important policy implications. In particular, policy measures should consider each segment as a separate entity.     

对建立健全劳动关系三方协商机制的思考

在我国建立健全劳动关系三方机制中充分认识三方协商机制的重要意义,规范三 方协商的内容、职责和企业方代表的主体地位,强化机制建设,提高工作水平。     

反恐、保护人权与世界和平

从国际法,尤其是国际人权法的角度,探讨“反恐与保护人权与基本自由”的关系问题。文章认为,恐怖主义严重侵犯人权,但反恐与保护人权是相辅相成的关系,反恐措施不当也会侵害人权,并对国际反恐斗争产生严重负面影响。因此,在打击恐怖主义的同时,我们也要保护人权和基本自由,注意二者的兼容性,而不应顾此失彼。在国际层面上,国际联合反恐必须纳入国际法和国际反恐公约的框架内,应以促进和平与发展、保障基本人权为最终目的。这样才能实现反恐与人权保护的协调发展,促进世界和平与安全。     

Participation,education, and pluralism: towards a new extension ethic

The concern driving current debate on agricultural extension is increasingly that of how to help farmers learn how to deal with the complex world around them responsibly and profitably, in such a way that the extension worker is ancillary. This article seeks to deconstruct and provide a more reasoned assessment of agricultural extension services through a reflection on development paradigms, adult education, individual empowerment, and institutional pluralism. By calling into question the underlying ethical dimensions of agricultural extension, it is possible to develop an alternative paradigm and thereby generate new insights into it. The article concludes that the raison d'être of agricultural extension today must be to create an ethical basis which ensures that extension practices are more inclusive and thus responsive to the needs of farmers and other rural populations, integrating individual expectations into the wider socio-economic, cultural, political, and geographical environment.     

试析《国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则》的性质和功能

《国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则》(简称《通则》)依其设计具有六种功能。实证分析表明,《通则》作为国际商事合同准据法的功能和作为解释工具的功能都得到了一定程度的实现。《通则》已经是现实中的实在法,是一种优良的法律资源。从《通则》的功能看其性质,可以将《通则》定性为特殊的合同法国际重述,即:《通则》是可以作为国际商事合同适用法的、部分内容可以视为国际商事惯例之成文编纂的、法典化的国际商事合同法重述。《通则》的出现使国际商法的发展进程产生了质的飞跃。我国法院、仲裁庭和企业可以考虑改变对通则的态度,从漠视转为积极运用。     

单边主义法律选择方法

单边主义和多边主义是国际私法中两种既对立又统一的法律适用方法。单边主义的法律适用方法在法则区别说时代就已经存在了,但在19世纪中期到20世纪初这段时期,随着法则区别说被推翻和法律关系本座说与既得权说的盛行,欧美国际私法更多地采用多边主义的法律适用方法,单边主义法律适用方法被忽视。到20世纪初,特别是在“二战”之后,随着国家对国际商事关系干预的强化,单边主义的国际私法方法分别在欧美的国际私法立法和司法中得以复兴。重新认识单边主义的国际私法方法,借鉴欧美的立法和司法经验,对中国国际私法立法和司法具有重要的现实意义。     

Community-managed rice banks: lessons from Laos

Rice banks are increasingly used in South-East Asia as a means of addressing seasonal food crises facing poor communities. Despite general agreement about the effectiveness of community-managed rice banks in improving food security, there has been almost no research into their effectiveness in reaching the poorest, or the prospects of sustainability linked to regular repayments of rice. Concern Laos sought to answer these questions through community mobilisation, forming rules and regulations to encourage the participation of the poorest, developing simple tools and procedures in line with existing community capacity, and building greater community capacity. Other challenges remain, such as changing the prevailing ‘relief’ mentality, ensuring women's participation, and establishing regular savings schemes, in order to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of the rice banks.     

国际代理法律适用研究

代理作为一项古老的法律制度 ,在商品经济活动中起着十分重要的作用。在国际代理的法律适用方面 ,国际上的做法主要有 :代理权方面 :内部关系准据法说 ;本人营业地或住所地法说 ;行为地法说和代理人营业地或住所地法说。至于国际代理的内部关系和外部关系各国大都将之纳入一般合同中加以讨论。     

论我国立法中"现代商人法"的性质和适用

随着市场经济全球化趋势的不断增强,国际商事关系得到了迅猛的发展,与之相适应,调整这种跨国性商事关系的法律也出现了历史性的变革.现代商人法正是这一变革的产物和表现.我国有关立法中的现代商人法则是实体意义上的法律规范,具有"边缘性"、"自治性"、"综合性"的特点.但是,我国立法中关于现代商人法的规定,无论在含义、性质和适用范围和条件等问题上,在理论界与实践中均存在种种分歧,应在立法中作出更科学、权成的法律解释,以统一认识,使其更有利于调整国际商事关系.