20世纪70年代美国在鄂霍次克海的谍报活动探析

美国海军和美国国家安全局(NSA)等部门于20世纪70年代联合发起了在鄂霍次克海海域窃听苏联海底通讯电缆的谍报活动,它曾被认为是美国现代史上最成功的情报搜集活动之一,此即"常春藤之铃"行动。其起根发由、运策决机及东窗事发都有着比较深刻的历史背景。冷战后美国针对有关国家的类似谍报活动远未停止。     

Dr Ivy Williams: inside yet outside

ABSTRACT

Dr Ivy Williams was the first woman to be called to the Bar of England and Wales. Despite this, she never took up the practice of law and after this historic moment Dr Williams returned to her life as a legal academic. This article examines Dr Williams’ journey in legal life, aiming to uncover her motivations for becoming admitted and her subsequent turning away from life at the Bar. Prior to her admission, Dr Williams had suggested that women might practise as ‘outside lawyers’. With that in mind, this article will consider Dr Williams’ scholarship and her contribution to legal academia and seek to answer whether this path can be seen as an alternative legacy to the women in law.     

Inevitable Answers: The Joke and its Relation to Social Equilibrium in the Novels of Ivy Compton-Burnett

The majority of existing studies of Ivy Compton-Burnett’s comedy class her as either a ‘camp’ novelist, or a social satirist in whose novels jokes are used for either oppression or subversion. The present essay proposes a new reading of the social uses of jokes in Compton-Burnett’s novels. In these domestic fictions, family life is characterized by constant strife, most commonly of a verbal nature. As part of their daily struggle for power and position, her characters use aggressive jokes to keep each other in check. This process does not distinguish primarily between oppressors and oppressed, but between successful and unsuccessful egotists. As an ideal result, a social equilibrium emerges that is at least vaguely habitable to all. This way, Compton-Burnett’s comedy is essentially conservative; the ultimate function of the jokes employed by her characters is not to permanently transform social structures, but to maintain the delicate balance of power within the family.