美国与德国法官选任制度之比较

美国与德国分别为两大法系的典型代表国家。两国的司法制度均显著体现其各自的历史渊源和法律文化背景 ,同时又成功地服务于法治国家的运行 ,其中许多成熟的理论与实践经验值得我们探讨和借鉴。通过对两国司法制度中的一项关键性问题———法官选任制度做比较式探讨 ,展现两国在法官选任程序与选任资格方面严格科学的制度设置 ,可为我国当前法院体制改革提供有益借鉴     

新布什主义下的欧美关系

小布什赢得大选连任之后,修补美欧关系成为其第二任期内的重点任务之一,于是新布什主义出台,其主要表现为突出的“亲欧”姿态。一方面,欧美分歧难以弥合,并将继续发展;另一方面,欧美利益你中有我、我中有你,欧美联盟仍是主流,并将继续长期存在。     

美国“新经济”成长的制度因素及对我国的启示

20世纪90年代以来,美国经济出现了二战后罕见的持续非线性的高速度增长.其主要表现为高增长率、高就业、高规模、高扩张,人们将这种经济现象定义为-新经济.新经济出现在美国绝非偶然,本文旨在探讨新经济现象背后的制度因素--科技创新、制度创新、政策性保障及对中国知识经济发展的借鉴意义.     

Adaptation and Appropriation on the Colonial Frontier: Indigenous Leadership in the Colombian Chocó, 1670–1808

This article explores the consequences for the native population of the Colombian Chocó of the emergence, over the course of the eighteenth century, of an elite of caciques and indios mandones or principales whose functions of powers far exceeded those of the warrior chiefs that had traditionally acted as leaders of their people. Appointed for the purpose of facilitating the collection of tribute and the supply of labour to European settlers, caciques and mandones were almost universally rejected by native communities during the early phases of Spanish colonisation (c. 1630–1690), and they disappear from the historical record after Independence. Eighteenth‐century sources, however, not only record the existence of a clearly defined elite of mandones or principales in villages across the region, but show these individuals engaging actively with the colonial authorities, on behalf of their communities, at local and audiencia levels. This article argues that, at a time of a much strengthened European presence in the region, caciques and mandones came to understand their roles in ways that were entirely different from those intended by the Spanish, and in so doing acquired the legitimacy that had eluded their seventeenth‐century predecessors. Far from serving merely as intermediaries between settlers and indigenous populations, indios mandones acted as negotiators on behalf of the indigenous population, whose task was to defend and/or advance the interests of the communities they had been appointed to control.     

论当代美国社会保障制度的特点

美国社会保障制度有别于其它资本主义国家,其主要有五大特点。研究这五大特点对建立和完善我国的社会保障制度有借鉴意义。     

巴伯奖学金与近代中国女性留美:途径、专业与意义

本文考察了巴伯奖学金制度的理念、设立、运作模式及其对近代中国女性留美的重要影响.1918年设立的巴伯奖学金是密西根大学第一个主要只针对亚洲女性的奖学金.它的设立目标是鼓励提高妇女地位,向亚裔妇女灌输西方理念,增进东西方理解.巴伯奖学金的设立影响深远,不仅成为中国女性赴美留学的重要通道,造就了许多卓越的女性人才,还为她们提供了一种救国救民的示范.设立近一个世纪的巴伯奖学金已经成为美国高等教育关注女性问题、少数族裔问题的象征,值得中国高等教育借鉴.     

Violence,fear, and development in Latin America: a critical overview

This introduction presents the core concepts that shape this special issue on the impact of violence and the processes of development in Central and South America. The understanding of development is considered in terms broader than the economic context alone, in order to assess wider social and political aspects. With a similarly expansive scope, forms of violence are addressed that range from direct physical harm and bodily attack to the often more subtle aggression of racialised abuse or the pressures on community-centred production from dominant market forces. In these contexts, violence, economic initiatives, and political allegiances form unintended and often dangerous networks of consequence for development matters. All the articles in this volume exemplify further the spatial environments of violence and diverse ‘landscapes of fear’ that shape our existence and help to define our actions, territories, and understanding of what happens around us.     

Citizenship: a perverse confluence

This article discusses the different meanings that citizenship has assumed in Latin America in the past few decades. Its main argument is that, in the perverse confluence between neo-liberal and democratic participatory projects, the common reference to citizenship, used by different political actors, projects an apparent homogeneity, obscuring differences and diluting the conflict between those projects.     

美国政府采购立法及其借鉴意义

美国是世界上政府采购法律制度最为完善的国家之一。其政府采购立法的成功经验对政府采购法律制度不太完善的我国来说 ,具有借鉴意义。本文对美国政府采购立法的基本原则、特点作出了阐述以及对我国政府采购立法的借鉴做出了探讨     

论拉丁货币同盟走向崩溃的原因

拉丁货币同盟是法国、比利时、瑞士、意大利于1865年建立的货币联盟。后来,希腊、德国、北欧的一些国家及美国也参加进来。这一货币联盟曾在19世纪的资本主义世界的金融领域产生了广泛的影响。但是由于拉丁货币联盟没有规定发行货币的共同规则,没有规定保证体系稳定所需要的黄金储备,也没有控制住信用货币的流通。除了外形、重量、货币大小外,拉丁货币联盟没有任何的货币合作机制。这就造成拉丁货币联盟危机频仍,最后终于因第一次世界大战的破坏而于1928年解体。