内地与澳门程序性违法法律后果之比较

内地与澳门虽然都建立了程序性违法的制裁制度,但价值理念、法律传统等诸多方面的不同导致了两地在有关刑事诉讼程序性违法法律后果的规定上存在较大差异。针对警察、检察官或法官的各种违反法定诉讼程序的行为,澳门刑事诉讼法规定了诉讼行为无效制度和非法证据排除规则,构成其较为完善的程序性裁判机制。相比而言,内地有关程序性违法法律后果的规定则存在不少问题。深入比较两地的程序性违法法律后果,研究其各自的运作机理和制度绩效,对于两地尤其是我国内地程序性违法制裁制度的改革与完善具有重要的借鉴意义。     

青少年肩关节X线片的骨龄研究

目的探讨青少年肩关节X线影像与年龄间的关系。方法对太原地区267名年龄在12～22岁的青少年拍摄肩关节X线片,根据X线片上的不同年龄特征,筛选出5个与年龄变化密切相关的影像标志点,进行分级评分,提出了肩关节X线片判定年龄的观察指标及分级标准,并使用SPSS包进行数据处理,建立了利用肩关节X线片判定青少年年龄的判别方程。结果判别方程y=9.517+0.518x1+0.913x2+0.465x3+0.436x4经方差分析,F>0.01,回归高度显著。将全部样本进行计算机方程回代检验,符合率为±1S72.01%,±2S96.3%,其结果达到了设计与统计学要求。方程具有实用价值。结论本项研究证实了青少年肩关节X线影像与年龄之间存在相关关系,并为司法鉴定时根据肩关节X线片判断年龄提供依据,同时也为人类学研究积累了资料。     

Parent-adolescent congruence on decision-making and its relation to adolescent adjustment

Much attention has been paid to the nature of parent-adolescent relationships, with a frequent conclusion being that it is a time of marked disagreement between parents and their adolescents. However, other literature suggests that this time is not inherently conflictual. The purpose of this study was to examine agreement and disagreement between mothers, fathers, and adolescents on specific issues. Then, adolescent adjustment was assessed, and the degree to which it was a function of congruence with parents was examined. A modified version of the Issues Checklist was used to measure intrafamily agreement; the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist and the Harter Scale of Child's Actual Competence were completed by adolescents' social studies teachers to assess adolescent functioning. Relative to their parents, adolescents reported that they should make more decisions alone, while both mothers and fathers reported that decisions should be made jointly among all family members. Only father-adolescent congruence was found consistently to be related to adolescent functioning. Possible explanations for the present results and relevant issues pertaining to family agreement are discussed.     

DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

Recent studies point to the potential theoretical and practical benefits of focusing police resources on crime hot spots. However, many scholars have noted that such approaches risk displacing crime or disorder to other places where programs are not in place. Although much attention has been paid to the idea of displacement, methodological problems associated with measuring it have often been overlooked. We try to fill these gaps in measurement and understanding of displacement and the related phenomenon of diffusion of crime control benefits. Our main focus is on immediate spatial displacement or diffusion of crime to areas near the targeted sites of an intervention. Do focused crime prevention efforts at places simply result in a movement of offenders to areas nearby targeted sites—“do they simply move crime around the corner”? Or, conversely, will a crime prevention effort focusing on specific places lead to improvement in areas nearby—what has come to be termed a diffusion of crime control benefits? Our data are drawn from a controlled study of displacement and diffusion in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two sites with substantial street‐level crime and disorder were targeted and carefully monitored during an experimental period. Two neighboring areas were selected as “catchment areas” from which to assess immediate spatial displacement or diffusion. Intensive police interventions were applied to each target site but not to the catchment areas. More than 6,000 20‐minute social observations were conducted in the target and catchment areas. They were supplemented by interviews and ethnographic field observations. Our findings indicate that, at least for crime markets involving drugs and prostitution, crime does not simply move around the corner. Indeed, this study supports the position that the most likely outcome of such focused crime prevention efforts is a diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas.     

论公安校园文化的综合设置

大学校园文化是高校长期形成的、表现出特定人文内涵的客观精神和生成环境,是主导文化之外的文化活动与现象。它主要包含以校园环境布局、建筑雕塑等有形内容为主体的物质文化和以学风、校风、学术气氛、学校社团活动等精神层面内容为主体的精神文化两方面内容。由于公安校园文化在情操的陶冶、作风的培养、知识能力的提高、创新意识的强化等诸多方面都有积极的促进作用,因而,必须就校园物质景观、学风建设、校园文化活动的开展等方面,对校园文化建设进行综合设置,使其在公安教育和人才培养方面产生更大的合力。     

开展科技教育活动培养队员创新品质

组织开展少先队科技教育活动,是学校落实创新教育的有效形式.面对新的历史时期,交口少科院在继承优良传统的基础上,对科技教育从更新教育观念,提高辅导员的创新素质;营造科学探索氛围,培养队员创新意识;开展全方位活动,培养创新品质这三方面入手作了实践探索.     

Gender and Disorder Specific Criminal Career Profiles in Former Adolescent Psychiatric In-Patients

A Norwegian nation-wide sample of 1087 former adolescent psychiatric in-patients, 584 males and 503 females, were followed up 15–33 years after first hospitalization. On the basis of detailed hospital records from index hospitalization all were rediagnosed according to DSM-IV. The patient list was linked to the national criminal register and the diagnostic groups were compared as to gender-specific frequency of registered criminality. Next, the criminal career characteristics were compared in those with criminal records at follow-up, relative to mental disorder at index hospitalization. The prevalence of registered criminality, both overall and for specific types of crimes, differed significantly between diagnostic groups and between genders. In both genders criminal convictions were most frequent in disruptive behavior disorders and personality disorders. Among males, the lowest violent crime rate was observed in those with psychotic disorders. Males had more severe criminal careers than females, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The diagnoses and criminal profiles of the 10 most active criminals in the study sample were described closer, as were the 11 individuals found guilty of homicide.     

Interpersonal Correlates of Peer Victimization Among Young Adolescents

Empathy, prosocial behavior, the number of friends, self-reported popularity, and various forms of interpersonal forgiveness were examined as predictors of peer victimization among 52 7th and 8th graders attending a private school. Popularity was the strongest individual predictor of teacher-reported victimization with high popularity associated with low victimization. Malestudents reported significantly higher rates of victimization than females, prompting the decision to examine correlates of self-reported victimization separately by gender. Interpersonal forgiveness scores were the strongest predictors of self-reported victimization; however, different forms of forgiveness were the greatest predictors of male and female self-reported victimization. Implications are discussed.     

Adolescent Participation in Structured and Unstructured Activities: A Person-Oriented Analysis

The current study used a person-oriented approach to examine the participation of adolescents in both constructive, organized activities as well as relaxed leisure activities. The goal of this research was to identify different profiles of involvement in activities and the relations to psychosocial indicators for these differing groups. Activity profiles were created using cluster analytic techniques for 918 adolescents' responses in 11 activity domains. The groups were found to be both statistically and substantively unique and consistent with findings from previous research. Further, the groups showed meaningful and consistent differences across a range of psychosocial indicators, including academic performance, problem behavior, and mental health. Results indicated that adolescents' activity involvement was related to their psychological and behavioral functioning and that the profiles of participation across activity settings provide a more holistic view of teens' choices than do single variable models.     

浅议刑事司法活动中未成年人隐私保护

隐私保护作为刑事司法活动中未成年人权益的重要内容，对保障未成年人的健康成长和维护社会的和谐稳定都起着重要的作用。随着2012年《刑事诉讼法》中有关保护未成年人隐私权的法律规定的出台，社会各界都开始高度重视刑事司法活动中未成年人隐私保护问题。本文以刑事司法活动中未成年人隐私保护的必要性和现状为研究视角，就侦查、起诉、审判、犯罪记录封存等司法活动中泄露涉案未成年人隐私的行为提出一些思考和看法，期望能够以此加深对刑事司法活动中未成年人隐私保护的理解，推动未成年人权益保护的发展。