浅议《合同法》框架下的智能合约适用问题

智能合约是运行在区块链上能够自动履行合同义务的新型合同,因其具备"自动履行"和"去中心化"等优势,故可降低合同履行成本、提高合同运行效率,但也导致了智能合约难以直接适用现行合同制度的订立规则、生效要件和救济方式等问题。本文从理论角度分析了智能合约的运行过程,通过对合同法理论的解释使智能合约与合同制度相契合;从技术角度分析了智能合约的原理与架构,利用技术手段对其进行修正,使智能合约符合《合同法》的规定。     

SCHOOLS AS COMMUNITIES: THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COMMUNAL SCHOOL ORGANIZATION,STUDENT BONDING,AND SCHOOL DISORDER*

Research has indicated that school factors such as communal school organization and student bonding are predictive of school disorder, with greater communal organization and greater student bonding leading to less delinquency and victimization. Data from a nationally representative sample of 254 public, nonalternative, secondary schools were used to examine structural equation models representing hypothesized relationships among communal school organization, student bonding, and school disorder. The hypothesis that communally organized schools would have less disorder held true for teacher victimization and student delinquency, but not for student victimization. In addition, the hypothesis that the relationship between communal school organization and school disorder would be mediated by student bonding was supported for student delinquency, but not for teacher victimization.     

我国数字鸿沟问题的“三农”透视

在信息化进程中,我国面临多重数字鸿沟。其中,我国的城乡数字鸿沟具有“三农”问题的特殊背景。三农问题是造成城乡数字鸿沟的重要因素之一,数字鸿沟也制约了三农问题的解决。为防止城乡差距的进一步拉大,我国应该以科学发展观为指导,采取综合措施治理城乡数字鸿沟。     

江泽民的“三农“思想简析

江泽民对“三农”问题一贯予以高度重视,并重点对解决“三农”问题的基本原则和基本思路作了系统论述。关于基本原则,他强调“四个必须”。关于基本思路,他强调应以大力发展农业为支撑,以增加农民收入为核心,以深化农村改革为动力,以社会协调发展为目标。     

‘US, China and the Economics of Climate Negotiations’

Despite the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, the US decision not to comply with its Kyoto commitments seems to drastically undermine the effectiveness of the Protocol in controlling GHG emissions. Therefore, it is important to explore whether there are economic incentives that might help the US to modify its current decision and move to a more environmentally effective climate policy. For example, can an increased participation of developing countries induce the US to effectively participate in the effort to reduce GHG emissions? Is a single emission trading market the appropriate policy framework to increase the signatories of the Kyoto Protocol? This paper addresses the above questions by analysing whether the participation of China in the cooperative effort to control GHG emissions can provide adequate incentives for the US to re-join the Kyoto process and eventually ratify the Kyoto Protocol. This paper analyses three different climate regimes in which China could be involved and assesses the economic incentives for the major world countries and regions to participate in these three regimes. The main conclusion is that the participation of the US in a climate regime is not likely, at least in the short run. The US is more likely to adopt unilateral policies than to join the present Kyoto coalition (even when it includes China). However, a two bloc regime would become the most preferred option if both China and the US, for some political or environmental reasons, decide to cooperate on GHG emission control. If the US decides to cooperate, the climate regime that provides the highest economic incentives to the cooperating countries is the one in which China and the US cooperate bilaterally, with the Annex B_?US countries remaining within the Kyoto framework.     

只有加强农业基础地位 才能促进农民稳定增收

农民收入增长缓慢是近年来农业经济发展中的突出问题,也是近年来研究的难点和热点,但研究者大都集中在种植业结构调整,农民负担过重等方面,本文的研究主要集中在针对影响农民收入增长的宏观性政策调整问题,即对农业基础地位的建设投资问题而引起农业生产成本升高,市场价格无竞争力,影响农业经济发展,农民难以增收.因此对存在的问题,从不同方面提出了对策性研究.     

毛泽东农业合作化思想探析

“农民、农村、农业”问题一直是我党在社会主义革命和建设中致力于解决的重大问题之一。在探索中国农业发展进程的过程中,毛泽东形成了他的农业合作化思想。分析研究毛泽东的农业合作化思想,不仅有助于我们更准确地理解毛泽东思想的历史发展过程,而且对于当代全面建设小康社会,建设有中国特色社会主义新农村具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

云南农业可持续发展问题的思考

可持续发展是当代世界农业发展的必然趋势和要求.云南发展农业的优势突出,只要采取科学合理的对策,就能实现云南农业的可持续发展,进而促进云南小康社会建设.     

论都市农业

都市与都市经济是当今社会经济发展的重要现象,都市农业又是都市产业结构中的重要内容。都市农业是对传统农业的超越和提升,其功能和作用都远远地超过了传统农业的影响,成为现代都市经济的重要方面。积极培育都市农业是现代都市经济发展的必要内容,也是实现农业现代化的重要途径。因此,从中国的实际出发,积极关注都市农业的发展就十分必要了。     

中国古代专卖制度与重农抑商政策辨析

在研究中国经济史中的专卖制度与重农抑商政策时,不少学者将两者混为一谈,否定古代在实施专卖制度的同时也推行过重农抑商政策。其实,专卖制度与重农抑商的区别是极为明显的,二者既表现为实施动机上的不同,也表现为理论基础和实际应用的不同,两项政策长期并行不悖地推行和实施。学术界之所以出现片面的认识,一是忽视了对重农抑商要义的深刻理解,二是将重农抑商政策的内容看得过于宽泛。