生态旅游的伦理意蕴

生态旅游是一种全新的旅游方式,生态道德是发展生态旅游的道德保障。对开发者来说,开发要有一个限度,即道德界限。对经营者来说,要始终将真善美三者兼顾起来,体现人与自然的和谐统一;对旅游者来说,要采取多种形式广泛开展生态道德教育。     

Barriers Natural and Unnatural: Islamiento as a Central Metaphor in Kuna Ecotourism

This article considers ecotourism among the Kuna of the San Blas Archipelago in Panama, using the term I use the concept of islamiento to describe both ‘isolation’ and ‘island‐isation’ as central metaphors to understand Kuna strategies in demarcating tourist and community spaces. The local autonomy exemplified by the Kuna in tourism is just one transformation of the way in which they utilise island configurations as a source of physical and ideological independence. While competition for resources between tourists, non‐Kuna ‘outsiders’ and Kuna ‘insiders’ is common, pressures on local inhabitants, resources and the need for privacy and community life are exacerbated in island tourism. Through various mechanisms that turn the physical properties of the archipelago to their advantage, the Kuna limit the impacts of tourism on daily life and strengthen their autonomy.     

Tourism and the politics of the global land grab in Tanzania: markets,appropriation and recognition

This paper examines how tourism as a form of land use and economic development is a critical site of struggle over the meaning of neoliberalism, landscape and land rights in northern Tanzania. I examine two tourism arrangements in Loliondo: joint ventures between expatriate-owned ecotourism companies and predominately Maasai villages; and the leasing of a hunting concession on village lands by the central government to a powerful foreign investor from the United Arab Emirates. Despite the fundamental role of foreign investors in appropriating resources and surplus value from regional landscapes in each of these cases, I argue that the Maasai in Loliondo see contemporary land grabbing as firmly situated in state claims to property and territory. The Maasai in Loliondo have come to think of the market, expressed through their direct relationships with ecotourism investors, as the most promising space to legitimize and secure land rights and access to resources. Loliondo, an area in northern Tanzania bordering the Serengeti National Park and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, has become one of the most important sites for tourism development in Tanzania. This region is home to the iconic Maasai people, who practice pastoralism and are part of what attracts tourists to Tanzania. These Maasai face increased pressure to assert their local vision of a landscape and their ability to commoditize it. I situate current land struggles within the political economy of tourism in Loliondo and show how different articulations of market–state–community become both materially and symbolically meaningful. Ultimately, I argue that the Maasai retain faith in market-based relationships in spite of increasingly limited room to maneuver.     

试论西部发展生态旅游的条件和措施

生态旅游是人们对传统旅游的思考和反省而升华的结果。现代旅游业的发展必须建立在生态环境的承载能力之上，保护自然资源和生态环境，维护地方文化遗产和传统风俗，这样才能保证旅游业的持续健康的发展。     

Gender,Race and Ecotourism Assemblages in Rural Creole Belize

Race and gender intertwine with ecotourism in Belize's northern rural Creole villages, communities that are home to protected areas renowned for birds and other wildlife. Racialising and gendering assemblages found here emerge out of Belize's long history of forest-based slavery economies. From the early days of sport fishing and jaguar hunting in the 1950s through to contemporary bird-and wildlife-watching, tourism has joined these socio-natural formations. Intersectional feminist political ecology and assemblage theory provide an analytical frame that reveals how ecotourism serves to re-entrench gendered and racialised inequality, yet in cases where the ecotourism industry is small-scale and locally owned, possibilitie s for challenging those hierarchies also arise.     

贵州生态旅游资源开发与传统民族文化保护研究

生态旅游地区通常孕育着极其丰富且宝贵的原生态地域传统文化,相对于原生态自然资源脆弱急需保护的特征.封闭的原生态地域民族传统文化更具有易破坏与易涵化性.作为生态旅游大省贵州,在大力发展生态旅游业的同时,如何兼顾地域传统民族文化的保护与传承,实现区域生态旅游的可持续发展是当前和今后值得深入研究的重要课题.本文力图通过对贵州...     

天水生态旅游资源的利弊及整合

天水生态旅游的发展应立足资源实际,趋利避害,进行整合。     

陕西开发生态旅游项目的初期构想

陕西境内地貌地形复杂,造就了千姿百态的自然景观旅游资源,具备了良好的发展生态旅游业的物质基础。但在生态旅游的内涵认识和外延发展上还存在不少问题。目前的生态旅游活动还处于初级阶段,尚不具备大规模开发的条件。现阶段应更多地重视生态效益和社会效益的取得,以环保教育为中心,以完善政策、法规、管理等保障体系为主要内容。生态旅游是一项知识性强、具有教育功能的活动,现阶段能够在生态旅游消费方面产生群体效应的因素,主要是其人文学特征和社会经济特征,在设计线路时,宜将生态环境的变迁及其异同点作为主导思想,主要面对以大中学生、小学生及其家长为主的客源市场。     

Green pretexts: Ecotourism,neoliberal conservation and land grabbing in Tayrona National Natural Park,Colombia

While conflict-related dynamics are recognized as causes of land grabbing in Colombia, violent processes of exclusion and expropriation behind ‘greener’ projects are often seen as disconnected from them. The case of ecotourism in Tayrona National Natural Park makes it possible to explore the geographies of violence that sustain tourism in the area and their role in shaping everyday resource politics. This paper shows how green pretexts of paradisiacal spots in need of protection have contributed to privatization and dispossession. Furthermore, it details how land-grabbing dynamics have been enabled by processes of sociospatial demarcation that produce not-green-enough subjects as bodies-out-of-place.     

小陇山林区生态旅游开发研究

小陇山林区具有生态旅游开发的资源优势,需深入论证,尽早开发,为区域经济发展做贡献。