Beyond Rainforests: Urbanisation and Emigration among Lowland Indigenous Societies in Latin America

Indigenous societies across lowland Latin America have recently made impressive political and territorial gains by emphasising their stewardship of and attachment to particular rural landscapes. But surprising new censal and microdemographic evidence shows that these groups have simultaneously been developing a presence in domestic and foreign metropolises. Cities offer employment and advanced education opportunities as well as escape from rural conflicts. We suggest that the dynamics and outcomes of these migrations are distinct from those of other rural Latin Americans. By outlining specific areas in which migration, politics, and territory appear to be interlinked, we seek to stimulate research that engages with these processes and their implications for indigenous advocacy and migration theory.     

节能基本法若干问题思考

节约能源基本法律制度需要对若干重要问题进行规范,以尽快落实节能战略并保障节能规划目标的实现。包括改变财政补贴方向,向精确供能技术、设备及用能产品技术进步倾斜;分布式能源与集中供能并举;大力培育节能中介服务机构;政府机构节能法制化;强调义务本位、严格法律责任等。     

长江上游流域水土保持生态环境建设模式分析

新时代要求水土保持生态环境建设工作必须走政府管理、宏观调控、投资多元、工程运行良好之路,既治理自然灾害、恢复重建良性生态系统、提高土地生产力和生物生产量,又使治理区在治理水土流失的过程中因地制宜地发展各具特色的水土保持产业,促进区域经济随市场情况变化灵活地进行调整,让水土保持在持续发挥其生态效益和社会效益的同时,使经济、社会和生态三大系统有机协调和同步发展。     

桂柳古运河特色村落建设之思考

桂柳古运河与桂林兴安灵渠同为我国岭南地区的两大漕运奇观．随着桂林国际旅游胜地建设上升为国家战略，桂柳古运河的保护和利用已进入人们的视野，作为桂柳古运河景观重组成部分的特色村落建设，也随之引起了人们的关注，重视村庄规划管理、体现水乡田园风光特点、保护传统村落、保持村落的原生态、提高村民素质及建立合理的利益机制等，应是桂柳古运河特色村落建设的重心所在。     

Wild property and its boundaries – on wildlife policy and rural consequences in South Africa

Against the backdrop of post-Apartheid neoliberal reform, South African landowners have gained the option to acquire full ownership over wild animals on their land. Corresponding with this, approximately one sixth of South Africa's total land has been ‘game-fenced’ and converted for wildlife-based production (i.e. hunting, ecotourism, live trade and venison production). This article analyzes the institutional process in which authority concerning access to wildlife is being restructured, and argues that the unfolding property regime leads to an intensified form of green grabbing. To demonstrate this, the article singles out three particular wildlife policy institutions which make clear (a) how private property rights to wildlife are negotiated and implemented, (b) how wildlife ownership is firmly interlocked with land ownership, (c) how natural entities are being converted to robust political and economical assets, and (d) what social consequences this has for rural South Africa.     

在生态文明建设中推进欠发达地区经济转型——以淳安县的实践为例

淳安县作为浙江省的一个欠发达县,在生态文明建设方面进行了大胆的探索和尝试,走出了一条欠发达地区经济发展转型之路,同时对欠发达地区如何把生态文明建设作为平台和突破口从而实现经济发展转型产生了一些启示：要树立生态发展理念,引领经济发展转型方向;要推进＂三个创新＂,搭建经济发展转型平台;要促进＂三个协调＂,提供经济发展转型动力;要强化＂三个联动＂,形成经济发展转型合力。     

Applying Stone in a Western Landscape: Ranchers,Conservationists, and Causal Stories in the “American Serengeti”

As the emergence of nongovernmental conservation efforts generates conflict among various stakeholders, the causal story that each party articulates regarding conservation and the causes of land degradation reflects their unique interests. This study uses existing literature to evaluate causal stories surrounding a contemporary conservation effort: Montana's American Prairie Reserve. Through qualitative review of web‐based documents and newspaper articles, it generates a preliminary account of key stakeholders' causal stories. The case study suggests that parties who might be disadvantaged by ascribing responsibility for environmental harms in an adversarial fashion may instead elect to articulate causal stories that are more neutral than existing approaches might forecast. The study concludes by suggesting that further development of causal story literature may enable it to better address contemporary conservation efforts.     

The Pyu Ancient Cities World Heritage application: lessons from Myanmar on transnational advocacy networks

The announcement of 22 June 2014 from the World Heritage Committee that Pyu Ancient Cities had been added to the World Heritage List was significant for Myanmar, since it represented the country’s first World Heritage site. The World Heritage listing was the culmination of a process driven by a convergence of forces originating from within and outside of Myanmar. An interpretation of Pyu Ancient Cities as involving a transnational network of supporters echoes the work on transnational advocacy networks, which looks to phenomena involving transnational efforts to advance particular issues on behalf of activists against their government. This study examines Pyu Ancient Cities by producing a model that helps to illuminate the efficacy of its social network to engage in transnational advocacy.     

Following the donor-designed path to Mozambique’s US$2.2 billion secret debt deal

Strenuous efforts by donors and lenders over four decades turned Mozambique from a socialist success story into a neoliberal capitalist one. The private sector dominates; a domestic elite dependent on foreign companies has been created. But a secret US$2.2 billion arms and fishing boat deal involving Swiss and Russian banks and Mozambican purchases from France, Germany, and Israel, with large profits on all sides, was a step too far down the donor’s capitalist road. The International Monetary Fund cut off its programme and western donors ended budget support.     

Agriculture in and beyond the Haitian catastrophe

Although the devastation from Haiti’s 2010 earthquake was concentrated in Port-au-Prince, it had deep agrarian roots. This paper situates Haiti’s urban poverty in the chronic exploitation of the country’s peasant classes as a basis for assessing the competing contemporary visions for agricultural development. We argue that the post-earthquake reconstruction has fortified a neoliberal development that is incompatible with the aspirations of the Haitian peasantry. Given the interrelated power of domestic elites and international donors, and the proliferation of disconnected development projects, we conclude that any prospect for pro-poor development hinges on the growth and collaboration of peasant movements.