尤科斯事件后俄罗斯石油工业的新格局

石油工业是俄罗斯经济的主导部门之一。从俄罗斯经济发展的长远战略考虑,俄在较长时期内还将主要依靠能源产业,因此,必须对这个关系到经济发展前景的产业加强国家的掌控力度,通过对石油工业格局重新调整,加大国有股份的比重。目前,俄官方、媒体和专家达成的共识是,可能会存在四五家大型能源公司。俄罗斯东西伯利亚和萨哈林地区拥有丰富的碳氢化合物资源,正在积极寻求国际合作,以对产地进行勘探和开发。这为中俄能源合作提供了契机。     

俄罗斯太平洋石油管道与东北亚地缘政治格局

俄罗斯通往亚太地区的第一条石油运输管道已于2006年4月开工修建。太平洋石油管道是俄罗斯落实其东方能源外交战略、实施能源外交多元化战略的重要举措，对东北亚地缘政治格局产生了重要影响。     

2004年俄罗斯油气工业的现状、问题与前景

2004年是俄罗斯油气工业快速发展的一年,石油和天然气的产量、出口量及加工量都保持了强劲的增长势头。但是,尽管2004年俄罗斯油气工业的整体形势比较令人满意,可油气资源基地的滞后发展和出口管线问题在一定程度上制约了俄罗斯油气产量的增长。因此,寻找、勘探、开发新油气田,加快油气运输基础设施建设的步伐是俄罗斯油气工业未来的发展方向。     

Adaptation and Appropriation on the Colonial Frontier: Indigenous Leadership in the Colombian Chocó, 1670–1808

This article explores the consequences for the native population of the Colombian Chocó of the emergence, over the course of the eighteenth century, of an elite of caciques and indios mandones or principales whose functions of powers far exceeded those of the warrior chiefs that had traditionally acted as leaders of their people. Appointed for the purpose of facilitating the collection of tribute and the supply of labour to European settlers, caciques and mandones were almost universally rejected by native communities during the early phases of Spanish colonisation (c. 1630–1690), and they disappear from the historical record after Independence. Eighteenth‐century sources, however, not only record the existence of a clearly defined elite of mandones or principales in villages across the region, but show these individuals engaging actively with the colonial authorities, on behalf of their communities, at local and audiencia levels. This article argues that, at a time of a much strengthened European presence in the region, caciques and mandones came to understand their roles in ways that were entirely different from those intended by the Spanish, and in so doing acquired the legitimacy that had eluded their seventeenth‐century predecessors. Far from serving merely as intermediaries between settlers and indigenous populations, indios mandones acted as negotiators on behalf of the indigenous population, whose task was to defend and/or advance the interests of the communities they had been appointed to control.     

船舶碰撞造成油污损害民事赔偿责任的承担

本文总结了我国司法实践中在处理船舶碰撞油污损害赔偿方面存在的主要法律问题 ,并根据法理和有关法律规定对这些问题进行了较详细分析 ,最后在分析基础上提出解决这些的立法或司法建议案     

美国新能源战略初探

确保美国未来能源安全是美国新能源战略的核心目标。在国内,美国加强石油和天然气的勘探与开发,推行能源多元化政策,加强基础设施建设,增加战略石油储备;在国外,美国加强对中东海湾地区的石油控制,同时减轻对中东石油进口的依赖,并不惜以军事和外交手段扩大对世界其他地区能源的控制和影响。     

对加强公安边防派出所建设的几点认识和思考

公安边防派出所是执行派出所职能的军事机构 ,与地方派出所相比有其独特的个性特征 :1、编制的现役性与任务的地方性 ;2、军人形象与公安形象的叠合性 ;3、行为主体的参差性与短期性 ;4、治安客体的多元化与复杂性。这些特征隐含着制约边防派出所发展的因素及问题 ,因此 ,有必要从业务建设、人事管理、思想政治工作等方面提出应对的策略和措施。     

德国特种防暴警察

当今世界 ,恐怖活动越来越猖獗 ,恐怖手段越来越高超 ,让热爱和平的人们防不胜防。德国共有三支特种防暴警察部队 ,其中 ,德国边防警第九大队由于其组织精干 ,装备精良 ,训练有素 ,尤其在防范和打击恐怖主义方面战功卓著 ,被各国警学界奉为楷模。     

经略边疆:清代治边之法的得失

清代积累了不少治边经验,如以开放的心态治理边疆,改进和完善边疆行政管理体制,因俗而治、因地立法,从治国需要出发制定对待各种宗教的方针政策等等,这些经验具有一定的现实意义;同时,清代闭关锁国、排斥对外交往、海权意识淡薄等僵化的治边思想,也留下不少失败的教训,值得加以反思.     

Unconditional Transfers Are Not Oil: The Economic Foundations of Subnational Undemocratic Regime Reproduction

Extant research on rentierism claims that oil royalties and unconditional transfers are among the main factors sustaining subnational undemocratic regimes (SURs). This article claims that these revenues are insufficient to economically reproduce SUR, as subnational rentier states generally overspend beyond their means. Drawing on evidence from Argentina, we identify two pathways to SUR reproduction. First, rulers in resource-rich provinces rely on ‘hidden rents’ from local extractive industries to sustain long-term spending. Second, rulers in resource-poor provinces heavily subsidised by fiscal institutions resort to discretionary grants from presidents to reproduce their political regimes.