理论构建与论文写作——关于翻译研究的Meta理论思考

Meta理论是研究理论的理论,对于理论的构建起指导作用,因此,Meta理论是一个更高层次的理论。本篇文章试图使用Meta理论的一般原则,对翻译理论的构建提出一些思考。他山之石可以攻玉,相信这一初步研究对翻译研究、翻译教学以及研究生学位论文撰写会有所裨益。     

To Wonderland Through the Looking-glass: Conceiving a Critical Legal Argument for Contractual Justice in the South African Law of Contract †

The aim of this paper is to identify the possible substructure (looking glass/es) of a critical legal argument for contractual justice (Wonderland) in the South African law of contract. South African contract law still fails, ten years after the constitutional transformation, to reflect the constitutional ideals of freedom, equality and human dignity in an acceptable manner. I argue that this disposition places a question mark over the legitimacy of contract law and marginalizes opportunities for the social change envisaged by the Constitution. The paper explores Duncan Kennedy’s Form and Substance-argument and indicates that the reluctance to accommodate these values may be attributable to the fact that the majority of role-players position themselves on the individualism/rules side of Kennedy’s continuum – a paradigm that perceives the law of contract as a body of positivistic rules to be applied neutrally and regardless of the social or socio-economic distortions its application may generate. In an attempt to move away from this traditional approach, the privileged paradigm is criticised. A typical CLS-approach is followed which employs sociology, psychological jurisprudence and game theory to criticise the law from outside the restrictive realms of law itself. Simultaneously, I attempt to illuminate the argument for a shift (step through the looking glass) to another paradigm. I conclude that our judiciary finds itself in a position similar to that of Plato’s prisoners in the cave and will not reach the point where they apply relevant (constitutional) values directly to contractual disputes. The State is thus responsible for infusing contract law with contractual justice, by implementing legislation to this effect in order to limit the hegemonic consequences of the judiciary’s obsession with freedom of contract and utopian rules, which fail in reality to further the ideal of justice. Paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, 4 September 2004, London, UK. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Judge of Appeal, Mr. Justice P.J. Olivier. The paper is based on research conducted for the thesis in partial fulfilment of the degree LLD in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria under the title ‘A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African law of contract.’ The degree supervisor is Professor Karin van Marle in the Department of Legal History, Comparative Law and Jurisprudence. The author wishes to thank the following persons for valuable deliberations and input: Karin van Marle, Graham Bradfield and Anashri Pillay. In addition, the author wishes to acknowledge and thank the University of Cape Town for financially supporting this research. †Paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, 4 September 2004, London, UK. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Judge of Appeal, Mr. Justice P.J. Olivier. The paper is based on research conducted for the thesis in partial fulfilment of the degree LLD in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria under the title ‘A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African law of contract.’ The degree supervisor is Professor Karin van Marle in the Department of Legal History, Comparative Law and Jurisprudence. The author wishes to thank the following persons for valuable deliberations and input: Karin van Marle, Graham Bradfield and Anashri Pillay. In addition, the author wishes to acknowledge and thank the University of Cape Town for financially supporting this research. apply relevant (constitutional) values directly to contractual disputes. The State is thus responsible for infusing contract law with contractual justice, by implementing legislation to this effect in order to limit the hegemonic consequences of the judiciary’s obsession with freedom of contract and utopian rules, which fail in reality to further the ideal of justice.     

多学科、兼顾历史与现状、教学相长：南洋研究院华人研究特点与存在问题（2000-2006）

南洋研究院的华侨华人研究体现了多学科、兼顾历史与现状、教学相长的特色。除了经济、历史、政治学(国际关系)等主要学科外,南洋院师生越来越多地借重民族学、宗教学、金融学、人口学、语言学、管理学、图书及版本学等学科理论与方法研究华侨华人。在侧重华侨华人现状研究时,仍继续关注华人史研究。在相关学位课程带动下,硕博生的学位论文研究日益成为南洋院华侨华人研究的重要组成部分。就总体而言,南洋院的华侨华人研究仍呈现创新能力弱、文献单薄、低水平重复等问题,这既是国内文科重量化考核导向的结果,也与研究人员浮躁的学术态度相关。     

中国宪法文本上“农民”条款的规范分析——以农民报考国家公务员权利为例

限制农民报考国家公务员的现象,目前在全国的部分地方依然存在,这不仅影响国家宪法秩序的稳定与统一,而且剥夺和限制了农民群体参加国家管理、担任国家公职的权利。本文从宪法解释学的角度分析了宪法文本上“农民”的涵义及农民报考公务员权利的性质,提出了以宪法为基础建立保障农民基本权利体系的设想。     

完善农村社会保障制度的思路

社会保障对国家的社会安定和经济发展起着重要作用,农村的社会保障是国家整个社会保障体系中不可忽视的一 部分。目前,我国农村绝大部分地区要建立完善的社会保障制度还存在很多问题。完善农村社会保障制度可试行农民退休金制度、 农村医疗保险制度、农村贫困户最低生活保障救助制度等。     

当前农村居民制度化政治参与的制约因素及改善

减少甚至消除农民大量非制度化政治参与的根本措施是要加强农民制度化政治参与建设。农民政治参与强烈要求同其政治表达与参与机制不完善的矛盾,农民政治参与要求的实现同其自身发展和组织程度较低之间的矛盾,是制约农民制度化政治参与的关键。各级政府应加强农民制度化政治参与的建设措施。     

近期国内学术界对非政府组织研究综述

目前学术界对非政府组织的研究在概念界定方面,集中在包括剩余法在内的几种定义上;在非政府组织勃兴的深层动因方面,市场与政府的“双重失灵”,“市民社会”的知识话语体系,合法性建构,社会转型,可持续发展等是几个常见的视角;在非政府组织与国家的关系方面,着重探讨了导致两者合作或冲突的多种可能性;对于非政府组织在我国的发展定位问题,一些学者提出了对非政府组织不能期望过高、非政府组织本土化的观点。     

当代中国农民两重性分析

当代中国农民对推动农村经济社会发展发挥了巨大作用,但在他们身上既有先进和积极的一面,也有保守和消极的一面,他们既对生活水平的提高而高兴,也对收入差距的拉大而不满;他们市场经济的意识明显增强,但法律意识仍比较淡薄;他们虽然拥护党的方针政策,但对一些涉及到个人切身利益的政策也有抵触情绪;他们的科学文化素质明显提高,但思想道德素质又有缺失;他们的民主政治意识增强,但责任义务意识薄弱,其中既有外在原因,又有内在因素,只有采取加强对农民的思想政治教育,加快农村社会事业发展步伐等综合性措施,才能取得较好成效。     

关于农民宪法权利的几点思考

农业、农村、农民是我们当今社会面临的问题。中国要建设和谐社会,就必须解决农业、农村、农民的问题。而要解决这些问题,从根本上来说,必须赋予农民以真正的宪法关怀,保证农民基本权利的实现。迁徙自由、接受教育、平等选举、结社自由就是这样的基本权利。     

发展中国人口文化与人口文化学构建

发展人口化事业的目的是在更高层次上从人们的道德观念、心理卫生、行为方式、生活方式和明程度上解决人口问题。这一历史任务极其艰巨，必须注意把握人口化的本质特征、培育人口化优质品格。人口化学是对具有时代特征的人口化现象、特征及其发展的研究，其内容包括基本范畴界定、研究角度选择、研究思路和研究体系。