Which territorial embeddedness? Territorial relationships of recently internationalized firms of the soybean chain

This contribution focuses on the territorial relationships established by companies of Argentinian origin that have extended their scope of action to other MERCOSUR countries (mainly Brazil) in the first stages of the soybean chain. Although some features of grain production and particularly of soybean enable a temporary commitment of these firms with local spaces, they develop some kind of foundations as a necessary condition to operate. A relevant side of their forms of territorial embeddedness is the strong selectiveness of local spaces and actors promoted by their behavior. Some local actors are in fact included; in the long term, however, their capacity to capture value is constrained since they are not able to control the terms and conditions of their incorporation.     

大豆异黄酮对阿尔茨海默病大鼠乙酰胆碱代谢的影响

目的 观察大豆异黄酮（soybean isoflavone,SIF）对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer''s disease,AD）模型大鼠海马乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine,ACh）代谢的影响,探讨SIF治疗AD的作用机制。方法 将50只大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,戊酸雌二醇组和SIF高、低剂量组,采用双侧海马注射β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein,Aβ)复制AD大鼠模型,分别给药21 d后,采用Morris水迷宫实验观察大鼠学习记忆能力的变化,免疫组织化学法检测大鼠海马组织ACh、胆碱乙酰转移酶（choline acetyl transferase,ChAT）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholine esterase,AchE）的表达。结果 SIF可显著降低AD大鼠的逃避潜伏期（P<0.01）,显著增加AD大鼠的游泳时间百分比、穿过平台次数以及海马组织ACh、ChAT、AchE的表达（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 SIF可能通过增强海马组织ACh的代谢起到提高学习记忆能力的作用。     

On the margins of soy farms: traditional populations and selective environmental policies in the Brazilian Cerrado

In the Cerrado, the expansion of soybean cultivation since the 1990s has coincided with the strengthening of environmental regulations. We analyze how the two main environmental policies – Protected Areas and the Forest Code – have played out at the ground level in western Bahia state. These policies in Cerrado have not been designed to curb the expansion of this agricultural frontier. These norms have, on the contrary, accommodated this expansion because the way environmental managers selectively choose environmental problems and publicize them through specific information systems depreciates traditional fire-dependent production systems. These ‘politics of selection’ are likely to increase competition for resources in the margins of soybean agriculture, which is where traditional populations have now become confined.     

Green for gold: social and ecological tradeoffs influencing the sustainability of the Brazilian soy industry

In this study we assess the sustainability of the Brazilian soy industry over the past 40 years in comparison to alternative land uses. We conclude that Brazilian soy production performs as well as or better than sugarcane or cattle production in a number of areas, including macroeconomic contributions, local economic development and land use efficiency, though it involves similar tradeoffs between growth and equity, and food production and conservation. While there is no evidence that soy has reduced food security in Brazil, tax redistributions and value-added activities from soy remain limited, particularly in comparison to sugarcane production. Emerging environmental governance measures have helped to reduce the land cover impacts from soy; however, little effort has been taken to minimize the impacts of intensification.     

Soybean Flour Cake

正Soybean flour cake,or lüda gunr,is a famous snack in Beijing.The dessert can be traced back to the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty(1644-1911)when the leader of the Uygur ethnic group in Xinjiang married his sister to Qing Emperor Qianlong(1711-1799).Spirited away to the Forbidden City,the Uygur girl,known as the Fragrant Concubine due to her natural fl oral scent,was disconsolate no matter what efforts the emperor made to entertain her.Hence,Qianlong ordered the cooks     

大豆异黄酮改善阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆能力的机制

目的 探讨大豆异黄酮(soybean isoflavones，SIF）改善阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer''s disease，AD）大鼠学习记忆能力的机制。方法 将70只大鼠随机分为正常对照组，假手术组，模型组，雌激素组和高、中、低剂量SIF治疗组，采用右侧杏仁核注射β-淀粉样肽（β-amyloid peptide，Aβ）25-35复制AD大鼠模型，给予不同剂量的SIF，通过检测逃避潜伏期、游泳时间百分比和2 min内穿过平台次数评价大鼠学习记忆能力，观察并比较各组大鼠海马胆碱乙酰转移酶（choline acetyltransferase，ChAT）活性和半胱天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶3（cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-3，caspase-3）的活性。结果 与模型组比较，高、中、低剂量SIF组逃避潜伏期显著降低(P<0.01），游泳时间百分比和穿过平台次数显著增加（P<0.01），高、中剂量SIF组大鼠海马ChAT活性显著升高(P<0.01），各剂量SIF组AD大鼠海马caspase-3活性显著降低（P<0.01）。高、低剂量SIF组逃避潜伏期、2 min内穿过平台次数、ChAT活性和caspase-3活性比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 大豆异黄酮通过调节AD大鼠海马ChAT和caspase-3活性，改善其学习记忆能力，并呈现一定的量效关系。