‘Without Education You Can Never Become President’: Teenage Pregnancy and Pseudo-empowerment in Post-Ebola Sierra Leone

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the emergence of ‘teenage pregnancy’ as a new policy focus in post-Ebola Sierra Leone and explores how Sierra Leoneans interpret the problem of ‘teenage pregnancy’. I argue that the new policy focus is not indicative of changing or new problems. Rather, ‘teenage pregnancy’ has created opportunities for donors and the Government of Sierra Leone to continue cooperation in gender politics. At the same time, Sierra Leoneans are clearly concerned about ‘teenage pregnancy’, and many agree with sensitization campaigns that responsibilize young women and girls while downplaying structural factors that render them vulnerable to arrangements involving transactional sex.     

Resolution of Unwanted Pregnancy During Adolescence Through Abortion Versus Childbirth: Individual and Family Predictors and Psychological Consequences

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, various demographic, psychological, educational, and family variables were explored as predictors of pregnancy resolution. Only 2 of the 17 variables examined were significantly associated with pregnancy resolution (risk-taking and the desire to leave home). After controlling for these variables, adolescents who aborted an unwanted pregnancy were more inclined than adolescents who delivered to seek psychological counseling and they reported more frequent problems sleeping and more frequent marijuana use. No significant differences were observed for cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol use, and problems with parents based on alcohol use after the controls were instituted; however without controls, significant associations were observed, underscoring the importance of the use of psychological and situational controls in studies of the consequences of abortion. The information derived from this study is potentially useful to parents and professionals who provide guidance to adolescents regarding pregnancy resolution.     

消胚散结汤的抗早孕作用及对大鼠胚胎发育的影响

用３种不同浓度的消胚散结汤给早期妊娠大鼠灌胃，观察其抗早孕作用及对流产失败后幸存胚胎发育的影响，结果表明，消胚散结汤具有良好的抗早孕效果，３个浓度组完全流产率达８２．８６％，９０．６３％和９３．７５％，与西药组９２．５９％，无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），流产失败后，高浓度组幸存活胎率比对照组有显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５），但活胎体重，身长，尾长３项生长发育指标及宫内生长迅缓（ＩＵＧＲ）发生率均与对照组无     

用ELISA和PCR检测异常妊娠妇女弓形虫感染

为了解兰州市妊娠妇女近年弓形虫感染情况 ,探讨异常妊娠与弓形虫感染的关系 ,分别采用ELISA和PCR检测了异常妊娠妇女血清中TOX IgM和TOX DNA。结果 ,1 3 5例异常妊娠妇女血清TOX IgM和TOX DNA阳性率分别为 1 1 .1 1 % (1 5 /1 3 5 )和 1 2 .5 9% (1 7/1 3 5 ) ,总阳性率为 1 3 .3 3 % (1 8/1 3 5 ) ,组间无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。异常妊娠史妇女与妊娠期无异常孕妇的血清TOX IgM阳性率分别为 1 1 .1 1 % (1 5 /1 3 5 )和 6.0 2 % (3 2 /5 3 2 ) ,组间差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,相对危险度为1 .85。调查结果显示 ,兰州市弓形虫血清抗体阳性率较 1 994年略有上升 ,弓形虫感染的孕前检查应联合应用ELISA和PCR为宜。     

THE DELINQUENCY OF CHILDREN BORN TO YOUNG MOTHERS: RESULTS FROM THE ROCHESTER YOUTH DEVELOPMENT STUDY*

This paper examines the relationship between a mother's age at first childbirth and the delinquent behavior of her children. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), an ongoing longitudinal study of adolescent development, we found that children born to mothers who began childbearing at a young age were more prone to general delinquency, violence, and arrest than were children born to mothers who began childbearing when they were older. This “early first‐birth effect” was far larger in white and Hispanic families than in African‐American families. Mediating analyses found that the early first‐birth effect was most attributable to the unstable composition of families in which early childbearing occurs. That said, a substantial portion of the effect remains unmediated.     

异位方配合甲氨蝶呤治疗异位妊娠32例临床观察

目的:观察自拟异位方配合甲氨蝶呤(MTX)治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效.方法:采用随机方法将63例异位妊娠患者分为两组(治疗组32例,对照组31例),治疗组接受异位方加MTX治疗,对照组单用异位方治疗,观察两组保守治疗异位妊娠疗效.结果:治疗组治愈率(84.37%)高于对照组(64.51%)(P<0.05);治疗组β-HCG下降至正常及阴道流血停止时间短于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05);治疗组治疗后包块缩小程度大于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.01).结论:中西医结合治疗异位妊娠可加速β-HCG下降,减少阴道流血时间,促进包块吸收,降低保守治疗风险,缩短疗程,提高疗效,有利于输卵管功能的恢复.     

Prepartum Psychosis and Neonaticide: Rare Case Study and Forensic‐Psychiatric Synthesis of Literature

Peripartum psychosis is a rare but serious psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of a mood episode with psychotic features. Although controversy surrounds the nosological status of peripartum mental disorders, these conditions continue to be of exceptional interest to the medical and forensic mental health communities. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of prepartum psychosis which escalated to the endpoint of neonaticide and summarize literature on peripartum mental disorders and infanticide. A 30‐year‐old mother murdered her newborn with the spike of her serum delivery system and planned to commit suicide while in hospital after hallucinating due to an acute puerperal psychotic disorder with a prepartum onset and postpartum deterioration. Her disorder was not managed until neonaticide. Throughout this paper, the significance of a multidisciplinary approach for the optimal management of these incidents is highlighted and diagnostic as well as therapeutic issues are addressed.     

Repeat Coronary Artery Dissection in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Non‐atherosclerotic spontaneous coronary artery dissection (NA‐SCAD) is a rare cause of morbidity and mortality with a propensity for young, healthy, and often peripartum women. NA‐SCAD etiology is poorly understood, with possible hormonal and hereditary mechanisms. Current treatment strategies range from conservative management (often showing resolution on angiographic follow‐up) to invasive angiographic procedures. Rarely, NA‐SCAD has recurred in another coronary artery, ranging hours to years later. We report NA‐SCAD of the right coronary artery (RCA) in a 30‐year old, 3‐month postpartum female with an additional autopsy finding of remote myocardial infarction (MI) in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery territory. The remote MI is consistent with prior NA‐SCAD of the LAD and, given the medical history, may have occurred in the peripartum period of the decedent first pregnancy 3 years earlier. As such, to the best of our knowledge, this may represent the first reported case of NA‐SCAD recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy.     

农村青少年犯罪问题探析--以贺州市为例

当前农村青少年犯罪问题日益突出,严重危害人民群众的生命财产安全,影响社会主义和谐社会的构建.本文结合贺州农村实际情况,试图通过对贺州农村青少年犯罪的特点及其原因的分析,提出预防和减少青少年犯罪的对策和建议.