试论我国人口老龄化的对策

我国在社会经济不太发达的情况下,“未富先老”,像其他经济发达国家一样,跨入了人口老龄化的行列。应积极关注人口老龄化的发展趋势,大力发展老龄产业,建立和完善社会养老保障,探索适合中国国情的养老模式。     

关于中国养老保险筹资模式的思考与研究

本文从分析养老保险制度的不同筹资模式入手,从对经济增长的影响,应对人口老龄化的能力和改革中的转制成本权衡等方面,阐述了当代中国养老保险制度选择的现状及其困境,并且针对完善养老保险政策制度,提出了保持过渡时期稳定发展的可行性建议。     

新型农村社会养老保险政策评估——基于土地流转制度背景下的研究

面对人口老龄化加剧、劳动力乡城流动、土地流转加速、土地养老功能弱化、农村养老需求增长的严峻局势和新农保试点扩面迅速推进的整体性战略规划,以公共政策评估和政策外部性理论为基础,从政策执行主体、政策服务对象的双重视角评估土地流转制度背景下新型农村社会养老保险政策执行状况和实施效果,通过对东、中、西部新农保试点地区的实态调查,分别获取基层政府工作人员、新农保经办机构人员、农村常住居民三类群体共2779份有效问卷,综合运用描述性统计和通径分析方法,进一步探寻改善政策效果的有效路径。研究结果表明:政府一定程度存在职能缺位、越位,立法、财政、监管责任缺失等问题,而广大农民未能将土地流转潜在养老保障功能与新农保统筹考量,使政策难以达到预期目标,可通过发挥政府主导作用、增强农民土地流转意识、提升经办机构服务能力、有效整合养老政策等具体对策,进一步促进土地流转、提高新农保参保意愿、改善政策执行与实施效果。     

关于完善农民工养老保险制度的几点对策

我国现有的农民工养老保险制度使农民工不能同城镇职工享有平等的养老保险权益。因此应完善法律法规;加大执法力度;改革不合理的用工制度;建立同农民工相适应的社会养老保险制度;做好统筹方面的工作;完善政策,加强宣传。     

Democracy promotion: the relationship of political parties and civil society

Organizations involved in the growing field of democracy promotion need to find effective ways to aid both political parties and civil organizations and, where necessary, to foster close collaboration between them. But they also must respect their autonomy and help them realize their own democratic objectives. It is important to recognize the differences between the two sectors: civil society should not be subordinate to parties, and it would be a mistake to wrap the party sector into an undifferentiated concept of civil society. Strategies to assist democracy should, then, distinguish between four main political contexts: authoritarian; emerging democracy; post-dictatorial situations where government is not committed to democracy; and war-torn or post-conflict countries.     

反向住房抵押贷款——以房养老的新模式探析

反向住房抵押贷款是为了使老年人将房屋抵押后仍可以继续居住,以实现养老或者增加老年人收入的模式设计,因涉及老年人的养老问题,社会影响较大。文章首先阐明了反向住房抵押贷款的概念和特征,分析其法理基础,与相关概念进行比较,再结合中国的具体国情,分析反向住房抵押贷款制度在我国实行的可行性和障碍,从法律的角度来研究反向住房抵押贷款。     

蓬莱市社会保障事业发展存在的问题及对策

劳动和社会保障事业是维护社会稳定、促进经济发展的重要条件。蓬莱市的社会保障事业经过一定时期的发展已经取得了很大的成就,形成了集养老、医疗、失业、工伤、生育“五保合一”的社会保险体系,比较完善,但还存在许多问题需要改进。     

对农村空巢老人养老保障问题的思考

农村空巢老人的数量已日益庞大,由此带来的一系列养老保障问题越来越突出。阐述了农村空巢老人的生存现状,重点分析了农村空巢老人在生产劳动、经济来源、日常生活、精神供养等方面存在的养老保障问题,指出了人口流动、社会保障、生活理念等使农村空巢老人出现养老问题的原因,并在农村经济发展、养老保障、社区养老、精神文化活动等方面提出了完善农村空巢老人养老保障的建议。     

中国城市产业承载力的影响因素及分解研究

城市产业承载力提升对于解决城市发展面临的资源环境瓶颈、提升城市发展质量、推动城市可持续发展发挥着重要作用。基于2007-2016年280个地级市数据,利用面板模型和Shapley分解方法量化分析城市产业承载力的影响因素及其相对重要程度,结果表明:基础设施、科技创新、环境质量和就业状况均对城市产业承载力具有促进作用,而科技创新是城市产业承载力增长的主要推动因素;基础设施、环境质量和就业状况对城市产业承载力的现状和潜力指数均具有促进作用,基础设施和科技创新则对提升城市产业承载力禀赋有较高的解释度。此外,各因素对城市产业承载力的影响有显著的区域差异。     

Introduction

The eruption of the "culture wars" in 1989 pushed U.S. arts policy to the forefront of the public agenda, leading to extreme political scrutiny of and controversy over the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and its funding activities. As the premier national-level public agency charged with supporting the arts in the United States, the NEA stood at the heart of debates on related arts policy. With an empirical focus on the NEA in the 1990s, we delineate and examine the broader effects and implications of the surrounding debates and related policy outcomes. In general, in keeping with the conservative political agenda of the 1990s in the United States, the result was the development of policies ostensibly aimed at promoting access to the arts that demoted concerns over artistic excellence, along with direct attacks on the NEA's overall administrative philosophy and decision-making practices. Employing insights from critical theory and reflexive sociology, we analyze the dramatic organizational shifts and programmatic restructuring initiated by the NEA in response to this situation and its ultimate effect on the relationships between art, artist, and audience in U.S. arts policy and society today.