RETHINKING JUVENILE STATUS OFFENSE LAWS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION ACT

Families struggling with a breakdown in communication, trying to control the behavior of an unruly child, or experiencing a crisis often look for outside help. Many families, particularly those without resources to pay for private support, turn to their local status offense system. Status offenders are young people charged with behavior unique to their status as juveniles such as running away, truancy, or disobedience. In 2007, Congress will begin to consider reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA), the federal act related to status‐offender policy. By providing an overview of recent state status‐offense legislation and case law, this article identifies issues to be addressed by Congress in reauthorizing the JJDPA.     

不良书刊对青少年犯罪的影响及防范对策

青少年犯罪是一个复杂的社会现象,其中,不良书刊对青少年的侵蚀和毒害是造成青少年犯罪不可忽视的重要原因之一。由于青少年可塑性大、意志力薄弱,不良书刊不仅对青少年犯罪起诱发、教唆作甲,而且对青少年犯罪心理的最后形成起强化作用,必须采取积极有效措施,制止和根除不良书刊对青少年的影响。     

青少年吸毒的心理诱因及其行为矫正

青少年吸毒的心理诱因是多方面的 ,诸如好奇、盲从、侥幸、无知、空虚、炫耀等心理因素都可能使他们陷入毒魔的纠缠。欲矫正青少年的吸毒行为 ,就必须注意发现其吸毒迹象而及时引导归正 ,根据吸毒行为的程度差异有针对性地开展帮教工作 ,在坚持药物脱瘾治疗的同时加强心理治疗 ,并加大禁毒宣传教育的力度 ,提高全社会的禁毒意识 ,强化青少年对毒品危害性的认识 ,加强戒毒所点建设而促使吸毒青少年改过自新 ,并严格依法追究吸毒者的法律责任     

低自我控制与家庭社会经济地位在青少年犯罪中的作用——我国青少年犯罪成因实证研究初探

本研究分别对以官方统计数据和自我报告法获得的数据进行初步回归分析发现,在影响青少年犯罪的多种因素中,"低自我控制(low self-control)"的解释力最为突出,证实了青春期特有的身心冲突极有可能是导致此人生阶段犯罪(或偏差行为)激增的主要因素。同时我们还发现了家庭社会经济地位在青少年犯罪中的特殊作用。     

远离辉煌的繁荣:青少年犯罪研究30年

回顾我国青少年犯罪研究30年的历程可以发现,青少年犯罪研究不仅仅推动了青少年犯罪学与犯罪学的产生,还在推动国家和社会公众重视解决青少年犯罪问题、促成矫正主义青少年犯罪观的形成、促进青少年犯罪刑事政策的形成与完善,以及推动未成年人专门立法的诞生、少年司法制度的建立等方面均发挥了重要的作用.与此同时,30年来的青少年犯罪研究也存在着学科独立性的缺失、研究对象界定的悖论、实证研究方法的缺失、青少年犯罪研究专业槽的缺失、青少年犯罪研究各学科之间的隔阂与分裂等严重不足.     

The Effects of Family Contact on Community Reentry Plans Among Incarcerated Youths

Research shows protective factors that mitigate risks for juvenile delinquency can also support the community reentry of incarcerated youths and deter future offending. Family engagement, educational attainment, and secure employment are widely accepted as important protective factors to prevent problematic behavior. Studies suggest these same protective factors are crucial for incarcerated youths and should be an integral part of reentry planning to improve post-release outcomes. Nevertheless, limited research exists on the association between these factors and the value of family involvement in reentry planning for incarcerated youths. This study addresses this gap by examining how increased family contact affects the likelihood of instituting education and employment reentry plans among youths in custody. Data were obtained from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement (SYRP) that provides information on juvenile offenders in confinement. The SYRP is the first nationally representative cross-sectional survey to gather information directly from youths 10–20 years old in custody (N=7,073). Analyses were conducted using a sequence of regression models to test the relationship between the frequency of family contact and whether a youth had a plan for education or employment upon release. Results reflect that youths with increased family contact were one and a half times more likely to have both educational and employment reentry plans in place relative to youths with no family contact. Findings inform practice and policy to advocate for family involvement with youth in confinement, and further suggest that family plays a decisive role in preparing incarcerated youths for success upon release.     

论未成年人犯罪案件中的相关信息调查——我国新《刑事诉讼法》第二百六十八条之理解与适用

针对启动事由在法条规定的基础上,提出涉案未成年人基于自己的权益需要也应赋予其信息调查的申请启动权,另外相关未成年人的社会保护团体在面临特殊情况时也可建议涉案未成年人或者公检法启动信息调查。在信息调查主体方面提出参照先前司法解释,由公检法三机关协商共同委托社区矫正工作部门来进行信息调查。最后提出在信息调查的内容方面要与司解内容相对接,与试点经验相融合,与身心特点相协调,与嫌疑罪名相对应的构想。     

浅析未成年人犯罪

我国的未成年人犯罪已成为社会各界所普遍关注的问题之一。本文概括出未成年人犯罪的基本状况和心理行为的特点,着重探讨了未成年人犯罪的主客观原因,从社会、学校和家庭三方面进行了系统分析,重点分析了社会因素中的网络因素及家庭教育因素。通过预测分析未成年人犯罪的发展趋势,有针对性地提出了预防未成年人犯罪的基本对策。     

对青少年罪犯在改造中“反复”现象的探析

"反复"现象的产生,源于罪犯新旧动机体系的斗争.当错误动机占据优势时,就不可避免地重犯新错,出现"反复".青少年罪犯在改造中出现的"反复"多是由情感、意志动摇引起的,是前进中的"反复".监狱人民警察要多从积极方面看待"反复",对出现"反复"的青少年罪犯,教育改造工作一定要耐心细致,要靠良好行为的强化训练压缩"反复"生存的空间.     

未成年人犯罪类型研究

未成年人犯罪一直是犯罪学界研究的热点，但是以犯罪类型为视角的专门研究却相当薄弱且材料分散。因此，有必要对学界的研究现状进行专门的梳理与分析。