“常识”与传统中国州县司法——从一个疑难案件(新会田坦案)展开的思考

自晚清变法修律以来,学界多批评传统州县司法的主要弊端是行政兼理司法和与此相关的非专业化司法,现在发现了大量反映传统司法实际运作的司法档案材料,此种观点有了反思的必要和可能。事实上,从传统中国州县司法的实际运作来看,其重点是查清案情和进行判决,起决定作用的是“常识”而非“专业知识”,而且“常识”才是传统地方司法所真正需要的。这种“常识”包括了“律学常识”、官员“伦理常识”和“地方性常识”等部分,从而具有浓厚的主观性、地方性和个人化特征,使得传统地方司法更依赖于官员个体。从司法独立和专业司法的眼光来审视传统是一种时代错位,它忽略了制度与社会需要之间的对应关系,既不利于学术研究,同时也回避了建立现代司法体系的真正阻力所在。     

从事实到规范:物权法民意基础的实证研究——以土地问题为中心

以社会调查数据为判断标准,物权法对土地制度发展的事实,既有呼应,也有背离、漠视、逃避和模糊。呼应主要包括:明确坚持保护私有财产;妥善规定承包经营权的流转、登记的效力、土地使用权到期后的处理等。背离表现为:继续强调集体土地所有权。漠视表现为:未规定建设用地使用权的类型和取得时效;未明确承认宅基地使用权、集体建设用地使用权的流转等。逃避表现为:未能明确统一登记的具体机构及其设置等。模糊表现为:未能清楚界定征收条件、征收中物权的变动时间、登记审查等。     

浅论生物物证及其在刑事侦查中的利用

除人体物证以外的生物物证(如动物类、植物类、微生物类)在自然界广泛存在,其自身的特殊性可为刑事侦查提供证据和线索,这种独特的生命活动规律在刑事侦查中的利用价值,将会随着物证研究的深入和证据科学的发展,越来越重要。     

试论农民土地承包经营权流转规范的法律机制

建立健全法律机制,规范流转农民土地承包经营权,是构建社会主义和谐社会、建设新农村、保障农民合法权益、落实依法治国基本方略的内在要求,建立健全规范流转农民土地承包经营权的法律机制关键在于创立农民土地承包经营权流转的法律关系机制和法律运行机机制,使流转农民土地承包经营权法制化和规范化。     

香港商业罪案调查的主要特点及其借鉴意义

香港作为国际性的贸易和金融中心,其商业犯罪案件具有典型性。香港警方对付商业犯罪,也具有特点。主要是有完善的易于操作的法例,能动的侦查机制,网络化的联动查案方式以及高度专业化的人力支援等。这些方面对于中国大陆都有借鉴意义。     

中日检察制度之比较思考

检察制度在我国司法体制占有独特地位,其对司法制度整体运行态势具有重要作用。本文以当代中日两国的具体检察制度为文本,对两国检察机关的设置及运行机制、检察机关的职权等方面进行比较,以探寻我国在此制度设计上的缺失。在此基础上,对我国的检察制度改革进行深入思考并针对相关问题提出初步建议。     

道路交通事故中微量物证的利用

微量物证是交通事故现场的重要物证,重视搜集微量物证,掌握交通事故现场微量物证的种类、特点及对事故现场微量物证的提取和鉴定,能重现交通事故的动态过程,对交通事故现场进行重构。为及时侦破交通肇事案件、公正裁决交通事故纠纷提供可靠的依据。     

The gender agenda: NGOs and capitalist relations in highland Cambodia

Cambodia’s mountainous northeastern province of Ratanakiri, which only twenty years ago was home to mainly indigenous minority groups largely focused on subsistence production, has undergone rapid ecological, social, and economic transformation. Deforestation and land alienation in the context of large-scale plantation agriculture, land speculation, and smallholder cash cropping have led to concerns that indigenous communities are being alienated from their land and not benefitting from economic changes. This has resulted in a significant number of NGO and government programs that attempt to protect and “empower” indigenous people, particularly women. This article examines a one-year research project which explored the relationship between indigenous women and land change in two indigenous villages. It discusses how indigenous women as well as Khmer and landless Cham immigrants have dealt with the commoditization of land and labor. It focuses on the differentiated way capitalist relations have pushed men, women, landless laborers, and increasingly wealthy landowners on increasingly divergent life trajectories. Compelled by donors to focus on gender and indigenous women as an object of governance, the NGO that directed this project struggled to keep up with the realities of capitalist relations on the ground.     

《民法典（草案）》的土地经营权规定应实质性修改

“三权分置”是中央农村土地制度改革的重大决策部署。《民法典(草案)》近日公开征求意见,将于2020年3月提交全国人大审议通过。其在“物权编”简单移植了《农村土地承包法》土地经营权的个别条文,解决了土地经营权定性不明的问题,但使《农村土地承包法》的逻辑紊乱、利益失衡、无法放活经营权等问题进一步固化、显化,亟待作出实质性修改。其进一步修改应以实现“放活经营权”改革目标为基本遵循,坚守“物债二分”基本理论,充分尊重中国实际,切实维护农民利益。     

How Do Developers Respond to Land Use Regulations? An Analysis of New Housing in Los Angeles

There is strong evidence that land use regulations constrain housing production. We know less about how real estate developers respond to specific zoning provisions. I compare the characteristics of new multifamily housing with baseline land use regulations in two sets of rail station areas in Los Angeles. I supplement this building-scale analysis with expert interviews. I find that developers were most sensitive to density restrictions and parking requirements. The average development in the Vermont/Western area had 112% of the maximum allowable residential density and 94% of the minimum required parking. Koreatown’s average development had 99% of the maximum density and 88% of the required parking. But, there was variation by area and whether a building was affordable or market rate, apartment or condominium, and by development size. Additionally, regulatory implementation can matter as much as the written regulations themselves. I recommend that cities take an evidence-based approach to reforming regulations and implementation processes.