Executive Particularism and Ministerial Selection in India

Why do political parties in parliamentary systems undertake actions, such as joining a coalition government, that will entail significant costs for their members in subsequent elections? Recent research points to the incentive structures faced by differentially positioned members of a parliamentary party: unlike backbenchers, MPs who hold a ministerial portfolio can use the prerequisites of executive office to shield themselves from the costs of governance. This article tests the theory of executive particularism by examining the electoral fortunes of government ministers in India. Sitting government ministers are found to outperform other candidates; however, tests of causality fail to demonstrate that holding a ministerial portfolio causes this electoral benefit. Instead, it appears that a candidate’s electoral performance enhances the likelihood of being granted a ministerial portfolio in the first place. This finding raises questions about the generalizability of claims that party elites can use ministerial office to shield themselves from the costs of governing.     

Developmental validation of the Microreader™ Y Prime Plus ID System: An advanced Y-STR 38-plex system for forensic applications

Y-STR is widely used in sexual assaults and familial searches of suspects. Here, we reported a novel 38-plex STR genotyping system designed for forensic applications. Microreader? Y Prime Plus ID System (YPP) amplifies 38 loci in one reaction, including 29 loci from commonly used Yfiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit & PowerPlex® Y23 System (DYS393, DYS570, DYS19, DYS392, DYS549, Y GATA H4, DYS460, DYS458, DYS481, DYS635, DYS448, DYS533, DYS449, DYS456, DYS389I, DYS390, DYS389Ⅱ, DYS438, DYS391, DYS439, DYS437, DYS385a/b, DYS643, DYS518, DYS576, DYF387S1a/b, and DYS627), 6 commonly used loci for the Y-STR database (DYS444, DYS447, DYS596, DYF404a/b, DYS527a/b, DYS557) and one Y-indel specific for the Chinese population. YPP is designed for different types of samples, such as blood card and swabs. In this work, YPP was validated following SWGDAM guidelines (2016) and guidelines from Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China, including PCR-based, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, mixture, stability and inhibitor, and species specificity. The results indicate that the Microreader? Y Prime Plus ID System is a powerful identification kit designed for forensic databases.     

近代日本内阁首相产生机制研究

近代日本在内阁更迭之际,拥有任命内阁首相大权的天皇,不直接指定继任首相,而是就首相人选咨询于一些特殊集团,这些集团将他们认为合适的人选奏荐给天皇,再由天皇降旨给被奏荐者,命其组阁,从而形成了独特的产生继任内阁首相时的奏荐机制。首先从制度层面分析这种奏荐机制何以能够产生和存在;进而分析参与奏荐的元老、以内大臣为首的宫中、重臣等势力的构成及性质;并依据不同时期参与奏荐的主体的演变,将奏荐的历史过程分为几个阶段进行阐述。通过奏荐产生内阁首相是近代日本有别于其它国家的一种政治现象,体现了近代日本天皇制非立宪的一面。     

Peace in the Middle East

正Foreign minister’s trip highlights China’s increasing involvement in the region Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi took a tour of the Middle East and North Africa from December 17-26,2013,consisting of stops in Palestine,Israel,     

Laying Tracks for Peace

正Solution to the South China Sea issue is ready to work on August 8-10,the 47th ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)Foreign Ministers Meeting(AMM)and its related gatherings brought together top diplomats from 27 nations,including 10 ASEAN member states and their Dialogue Partner countries,in Nay Pyi Taw,capital of Myanmar,to discuss political,security and development issues that have     

Voices

正"China will,as always,irmly support Europe’s integration process.A united,stable and prosperous Europe is in the interest of the world and of China.The growth of mutually beneicial business ties between China and Europe will not only bring eneits to both sides;it will also create brighter prospects for China-Europe relations.This should be a win-win endeavor."     

Bright Prospects for China-South Korea FTA

正DURING President Xi Jinping’s state visit to the ROK in July,China and South Korea pledged to conclude negotiations on a free trade agreement(FTA)before the end of this year.Since China and South Korea established diplomatic relations 22years ago,trade between the two countries has grown at an average yearly rate of 23 percent.In 2012,bilateral trade reached a new high of US$256.3 billion.     

Premier Li Keqiang's U.K. Visit

正Chinese Premier Li Keqiang’s four-day trip to Britain in June is expected to energize the China-Britain comprehensive strategic partnership,which sees its 10th anniversary this year,and whose strategic,reciprocal and global signif icance continues to grow.The trip,Li’s f irst to Britain since taking off ice in March last year,marks another major diplomatic event between China and Europe following President Xi Jinping’s Europe tour in late March.During his visit the Chinese premier met with Queen Elizabeth II     

Intellectual Property Counterfeiting and Piracy – Response of Small Commonwealth Jurisdictions∗

This article provides an analysis of some recent developments relating to Constitutional law in Jamaica, including the legal issues arising from tied elections and the dual nationality of parliamentarians. It also discusses a case relating to the failure to incorporate the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime (the Palermo Convention). In this case, though the Palermo Convention contemplates investigations by agents of one country on the territory of another for certain crimes, one state party found it was unable to carry out such investigations on the territory of another. Although the latter country, a CARICOM member state, was also a party to the Convention, it had not enacted the required implementing legislation     

Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Addressed the CIIS Forum

正On June 9th,2014,Her Excellency Sheikh Hasina,Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh,delivered a speech entitled"Socioeconomic Achievements of Bangladesh in Recent Years and Partnership with China"at the