What do forensic analysts consider relevant to their decision making?

In response to research demonstrating that irrelevant contextual information can bias forensic science analyses, authorities have increasingly urged laboratories to limit analysts' access to irrelevant and potentially biasing information (Dror and Cole (2010) [3]; National Academy of Sciences (2009) [18]; President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2016) [22]; UK Forensic Science Regulator (2015) [26]). However, a great challenge in implementing this reform is determining which information is task-relevant and which is task-irrelevant. In the current study, we surveyed 183 forensic analysts to examine what they consider relevant versus irrelevant in their forensic analyses. Results revealed that analysts generally do not regard information regarding the suspect or victim as essential to their analytic tasks. However, there was significant variability among analysts within and between disciplines. Findings suggest that forensic science disciplines need to agree on what they regard as task-relevant before context management procedures can be properly implemented. The lack of consensus about what is relevant information not only leaves room for biasing information, but also reveals foundational gaps in what analysts consider crucial in forensic decision making.     

论六盘水市新一轮民族贫困地区中小学教师综合素质培训的必要性及措施

民族地区中小学教师队伍数量不足、质量不高、结构不合理的问题依然突出,六盘水市民族中小学教育和教师队伍现状提出了实施新一轮民族贫困地区中小学教师综合素质培训的要求。只有认真按照教育部的要求,以校本培训、研修和教研为途径,争取外部力量的支持,才能实现六盘水市民族中小学教育的健康和可持续性发展。     

Increasing Evidence-Based Programs in Criminal and Juvenile Justice: A Report from the Front Line

For the past 5 years in the United States, there has been an increased emphasis on evidence-based programs, and, in particular, the promotion of experimental designs as the highest standard of evidence. This interest has been fueled by the Federal government's demand for accountability that links budget allocation with program performance. The National Institute of Justice, the research, development and evaluation agency within the Office of Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice is undertaking a number of efforts to improve the quality of evaluation research and address the need for evidence-based programs. These efforts have focused on making improvements upfront in the grant selection process so that well-designed evaluations will be undertaken and in the management and monitoring of ongoing evaluation research grants so that implementation and design issues can be identified and addressed. Evaluability assessments is a key strategy that NIJ is relying on increasingly to identify programs that have a high likelihood of being successfully evaluated. Whether these efforts will lead to an overall increase in the rigor of NIJ-supported evaluations remains unanswered at this time. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The National Academies or the National Institute of Justice.     

基层公安机关成立警训队的探索与实践

成立警训队是基层公安机关进行民警教育培训的新模式。警训队作为公安机关的一支“预备队”。应始终保持一定的数量,融实战和培训为一体,随时应对和处置各类突发事件,采用“战训合一”的教育训练模式。上海市公安局闵行分局在基层公安机关抓好民警教育培训工作方面走出了一条新路子。     

公务员培训需求分析方略

《公务员法》的颁布使公务员培训工作纳入了法制化的轨道。高效率的公务员培训建立在对培训需求科学分析基础之上。培训需求循环分析模型、培训需求任务-绩效分析模型和YGWB培训需求分析模型,在多年公务员培训实践中被证明是行之有效的培训需求分析方法。对这些方法的研究和总结既有理论上的价值也有实践上的意义。     

The Scharff technique: training military intelligence officers to elicit information from small cells of sources

ABSTRACT

Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the Scharff technique for gathering human intelligence, but little is known about how this efficacy might vary among different samples of practitioners. In this training study we examined a sample of military officers (n?=?37). Half was trained in the Scharff technique and compared against officers receiving no Scharff training. All officers received the same case file describing two sources holding information about a terrorist attack. University students (n?=?74) took the role of the semi-cooperative sources. Scharff-trained officers adhered to the training as they (1) aimed to establish the ‘knowing-it-all’ illusion, (2) posed claims as a means of eliciting information, and (3) asked fewer explicit questions. The ‘untrained’ officers asked many explicit questions, questioned the reliability of the provided information, pressured the source, and displayed disappointment with the source's contribution. Scharff-trained officers were perceived as less eager to gather information and left their sources with the impression of having provided comparatively less new information, but collected a similar amount of new information as their untrained colleagues. The present paper both replicates and advances previous work in the field, and marks the Scharff technique as a promising technique for gathering human intelligence.     

优化公安院校培训模式的路径

公安院校应从强化培养双师型教师队伍、面向实战,创新教学模式、突出公安工作使命,更新教学内容来构筑公安在职民警教育培训模式;依托"金盾工程"建立数字网络化交流平台,让公安院校学报与公安机关联办专业刊物和研究课题,将科研纳入民警考核机制,走面向公安实战的"警、学、研"之路。     

试论我国机动车驾驶证培训考试制度的完善

梳理了我国机动车驾驶证培训考试制度的历程,指出了现行机动车驾驶证培训考试制度存在与现行法律规范相冲突、培训质量有待进一步提高、不利于构建节约型社会以及为职能部门谋求利益提供了便利等主要问题。提出了驾驶证直接考试制度的构想,并主张通过修订相关法律规范、明确指导初学驾驶技术的教练员的资质要求、提高机动车驾驶考试难度以及实行新驾驶人素质跟踪和责任倒查制度等配套措施来保证直接考试制度下机动车驾驶人的质量。     

浅谈民警心理健康与民警培训

面对错综复杂的执法环境、面对繁重的公安保卫任务、面对执法过程中遇到的各类意外事件,基层公安民警心理上承受的压力越来越大。因此,心理健康对公安民警特别重要。重视心理健康调适,加强对民警的心理健康教育和培训,是各级公安机关必须重视的问题,也是民警培训工作的一项长期目标。     

韩国青少年研究机构现状初探

韩国青少年领域的研究机构包括政府出资的韩国青少年开发院、大学青少年相关院系及民间青少年研究机构等,这些机构均十分活跃地开展着有关青少年的学术研究和学术交流活动。韩国青少年开发院,作为韩国青少年研究方面的权威机构,在韩国政府制定青少年政策和青少年工作中发挥着重要作用,为青少年自主性生活质量的提高做出了贡献。