专精特新企业学术型高管与企业持续创新——企业激励机制与风险承担水平的双调节效应

在逆全球化情境下,推动中小企业专精特新发展,有助于我国突破“卡脖子”技术瓶颈。文章以国家级专精特新小巨人上市公司为研究对象,实证检验了学术型高管对专精特新小巨人企业持续创新的影响机制。研究发现,学术型高管能够促进专精特新小巨人企业持续创新;完善的企业激励机制、较高的企业风险承担水平会强化学术型高管对企业持续创新的正向作用;在区域知识产权保护强度较大、学术型高管担任关键职位时,学术型高管对企业持续创新的正向影响更为明显。研究结论丰富了企业家特质研究的情境机制,并对我国引导中小企业走“专精特新”发展道路,夯实制造业发展基础及推动经济高质量发展具有指导意义。     

Senior Public Managers’ Engagement: A Person–Situation-Interactionist Perspective

This article examines the engagement of senior public managers by developing a person–situation-interactionist perspective. It integrates the literature on social exchange theory and person–organization fit to explore the effects of decision autonomy and shared vision on the engagement of more than 2,000 senior public sector managers in the central government agencies of three continental European countries: France, Germany, and The Netherlands. Then, it examines whether the locus of control of those managers moderates the decision autonomy–engagement and shared vision–engagement relationships. The structural equation modeling results suggest that there are positive relationships between both decision autonomy and shared vision and employee engagement. Further analysis revealed that an internal locus of control strengthened the decision autonomy–engagement relationship, but that it weakened the shared vision–engagement relationship.     

The gender politics of executive candidate selection and reselection

This research provides new theoretical and empirical insights into the gender politics of the springboards to chief executive office. The extremely masculinised composition of the relatively few top national executive positions has posed a serious impediment to empirically assessing the conditions that may facilitate women's under-representation and men's over-representation. To overcome this constraint, this study looks at the top regional executive office across four West European countries that present a multilevel state structure – namely Austria, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. Using two original datasets, the article examines the ways in which the selection and reselection of regional prime ministerial candidates is shaped by individual, organisational and institutional factors that produce heterogeneous experiences and career opportunities across sex. The results show that women have not shattered the glass ceiling at the regional level and pinpoint the fact that they are held to higher standards, benefit less from the political resources they possess and are more dependent on the decision environment in which parties select executive candidates. The conclusion is that the rules of the game guiding selection and reselection processes are strongly biased towards men.     

创业板上市公司高管持股减持的法律困境与解决对策

创业板上市公司高管持股减持现象,成为我国目前证券市场的焦点。人们对创业板上市公司高管持股减持的规定存有异议,尤其对较多高管通过辞职离职等规定的漏洞,转让所持股份获利,深表不满,形象地将创业板誉为"造福板"、"摘桃板"等。为此,可通过修订我国《公司法》、《证券法》等有关条款,重新规制创业板上市公司高管持股延长禁售期、禁售情形,规范上市公司高管辞职离职持股解禁制度,明确创业板上市公司高管社会责任等。     

从批评性语篇分析视角探析《金融时报》中的女高管形象

批评性语篇分析以系统功能语言学为理论基础,融合多学科知识来探讨语篇与社会的辩证关系。以批评性语篇分析为研究方法,从及物性、语态、语气和选词4个方面,深入分析英国财经大报——《金融时报》中企业女高管的形象后发现,其在对女高管进行新闻报道的语言形式之下暗含着对这一角色的社会性别定型的认识,并体现了一定的性别不对称现象。由此可知,语言不仅是交际和思维的工具,还隐藏着深层次的社会权力关系和意识形态,语言研究者和学习者应自觉揭露并抵制语言中存在的性别不平等现象。     

女性高管对中国上市公司绩效的影响——基于教育文化行业的视角

该文以国内外女性高管研究文献为基础，以中国教育文化行业的上市公司为研究样本，采用2011至2013年上市公司的数据，探讨教育文化行业中女性高管在高管团队中所占比例、年龄、人力资本和社会资本对企业绩效的影响。研究结果表明，在教育文化行业，女性高管的特质对企业绩效的影响程度不同，尤其是女性高管的人力资本和社会资本，这两类之前被忽视的因素，更显示出其重要意义。本研究丰富了现有的高管团队理论体系，并且为教育文化行业的成长提出建议。     

Entering the men's domain? Gender and portfolio allocation in European governments

While all government portfolios used to be the purview of men exclusively, more and more women are selected to sit around the cabinet table. But under which circumstances do women get appointed to different ministerial portfolios? This article, proposes a theoretical framework to consider how party leaders’ attitudes and motivations influence the allocation of portfolios to male and female ministers. These propositions are tested empirically by bringing together data on 7,005 cabinet appointments across 29 European countries from the late 1980s until 2014. Considering the key partisan dynamics of the ministerial selection process, it is found that women are significantly less likely to be appointed to the ‘core’ offices of state, and ‘masculine’ and ‘neutral’ policy areas. However, these gender differences are moderated by the ideology of the party that allocates them. Women are more likely to be appointed to ‘masculine’ portfolios when a party's voters have more progressive gender attitudes. This theoretical framework and analysis enhances our understanding of women's access to the government, which has important implications for how ministers are selected, as well as how women are represented in the most powerful policy-making positions in Europe.     

‘Going beyond the Troika’: Power and discourse in Portuguese austerity politics

This article analyses the margin of manoeuvre of Portuguese executives after the onset of the sovereign debt crisis in 2010–2015. To obtain a full understanding of what happened behind the closed doors of international meetings, different types of data are triangulated: face‐to‐face interviews; investigations by journalists; and International Monetary Fund and European Union official documents. The findings are compared to the public discourse of Prime Ministers José Sócrates and Pedro Passos‐Coelho. It is shown that while the sovereign debt crisis and the bail‐out limited the executive's autonomy, they also made them stronger in relation to other domestic actors. The perceived need for ‘credibility’ in order to avoid a ‘negative’ reaction from the markets – later associated with the conditions of the bail‐out – concurrently gave the executives a legitimate justification to concentrate power in their hands and a strong argument to counter the opponents of their proposed reforms. Consequently, when Portuguese ministers favoured policies that were in congruence with those supported by international actors, they were able to use the crisis to advance their own agenda. Disagreement with Troika representatives implied the start of a negotiation process between the ministers and international lenders, the final outcome of which depended on the actors’ bargaining powers. These strategies, it is argued, constitute a tactic of depoliticisation in which both the material constraints and the discourse used to frame them are employed to construct imperatives around a narrow selection of policy alternatives.     

Organizational Learning Facilitators in the Canadian Public Sector

An implicit patriarchal bargain between Emirati fathers and daughters is examined from a social constructionist perspective. Using qualitative methodology we found that fathers explicitly encourage their daughters to pursue tertiary education and careers, but hedge this break from tradition with implicit understandings that daughters will observe norms that can only realistically be followed in public sector employment. The persistent public-private imbalance in female employment patterns can thus be construed, as a ‘wicked problem” that cannot be addressed through market incentive-based policies such as Emiratization but rather through behavioral changes on the part of both UAE businesses and Emirati families.     

市场经济与民主政治的两种互动

西方是市场经济催生民主政治,我国作为东方大国则是民主政治催生市场经济。当今要加快社会主义民主政治建设才能使市场经济健康发展,否则社会主义市场经济就有蜕变为权贵资本主义市场经济的危险。当前加快社会主义民主政治建设的捷径是稳妥推行县区级、乡镇级首长的直接民主选举。