从追求宏大理论到走进学校日常生活——对教育学科学化进程的一种系谱学描述

福柯的系谱学对权力／知识的分析对人-社会科学的研究范式与书写方式产生了深刻影响。教育学实践领域也受其冲击而发生了话语的转换。如果我们从系谱学的角度来反思教育学寻求学科化的历史进程，就会扩大对学科这一概念的理解：作为权力／知识实践方式的学科制度不仅是科学化的标志，也是控制现代生活的策略与技术。因此，对作为一门学科形式存在的教育学知识的寻求未必是适当的或必要的。目前，我们似乎更应该走进学校日常生活，由此迈向具体的教育实践。这或许是教育学走出迷茫之路的一条可能的途径。     

从家谱文献看民间对陶渊明的接受与批评

在1949年前所修纂的族谱文献中,记载了一些关于普通民众学习陶渊明的作品以及分析和评价陶渊明作品及人格的资料.这些资料是我们了解陶渊明在普通民众中的影响以及影响过程的重要途径,而研究这些资料对于探索和总结中国文学被接受的规律,也具有非常可贵的意义.因此,尽管这些资料本身未必具有多少深刻的内容,但从丰富和完善中国古代文学的批评与接受状况的角度来说,绝不应该轻弃.     

两个父系社会家谱的编撰和利用——历史记忆、族群关系及传统建构的人类学研究

汉族周边社会的特殊性使人类学传统亲族研究的理论视角和方法遭到了挑战,摆脱"历史的真实"和结构功能分析理论模式的桎梏,从研究对象之传统建构话语体系的象征分析中寻找理解其自身问题的路径,是研究方法上一种新的尝试。针对两个不同性质父系社会家谱编撰和利用状况的比较,可以为人类学开展家族及亲族研究提供新的视角。     

The Communist Ideological Legacy and Serb–Albanian Relations in Kosovo∗

This article uses Central Asian examples to challenge theories of ethnic nationalism that locate its origins in intellectual activism (Hroch), state modernization processes (Gellner), or the rise of mass media (Anderson). Modern Uyghur cultural politics and traditional Central Asian dynastic genealogies reveal related processes used in constructing modern nationalist symbols and pre-modern ideologies of descent. Modern territorial states with ideals of social unification and bureaucratic organization rely upon nationalist discourses to elaborate and rework cultural forms into evidence for the ethnic nation. The state links citizens to institutions through nationalist content used in political discourse, schooling, and public performances. Because such content is presented as authentic but used instrumentally, its contingency and fabrication have to be concealed from view: the culturally intimate spaces of bureaucratic production of culture and narratives are separated from public performances. The creation of genealogies used to legitimate pre-modern states are similar: compositional processes and goals are kept offstage, and little is disclosed in the public historical narratives and performances.     

谱牒文献利用及西南民族研究——南方丝绸之路的新视角

回顾南方丝绸之路研究的学术史,根据出土文物展开的考察取得了不少成果,但纸质文本的利用还稍显不足,特别是谱牒文献未得到应有的重视。谱牒文献在揭示西南各民族的人口迁徙、民族融合、文化变迁、交通及经济等方面有诸多价值,但在利用时需要辨别内容真伪、兼考多种文献、熟悉文化背景。由此可给南方丝绸之路研究呈现一种不同的视角。     

Perspective on the use of investigative genetic genealogy in Brazil

Since 2018, investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) has been used as a novel technology to solve cold cases. But IGG presents several ethical issues regarding privacy and regulation. IGG has never been used in Brazil although the number of direct-to-consumer (DTC) ancestry tests has been increasing and its users use open platforms in which IGG can be applied, such as GEDMatch, being susceptible to the same ethical problems as in those countries where IGG is being applied. We conducted an online survey with 166 clients of DTC ancestry tests (DTC) and 35 Brazilian CODIS Administrators (ADM) to evaluate their knowledge about the forensic application of genetic genealogy, their opinion about it, and a possible application in Brazil. Both groups support using IGG in violent crimes and missing persons (58.5% of DTC and 34.3% of ADM) but also showed concerns about the legislation and ethical issues (78.9–55.4% DTC and 97–65% ADM). Furthermore, 20% of ADM were against the use of this technique compared to the DTC (4%), probably due to the lack of knowledge of the methodology, its scope, and limitations. These results show the need to broaden the discussion on the IGG in various sectors of society.     

Creating resilience or private sector dependence? Shifting constructions of the farmer in Australian policy discourses

The Australian Government’s Agricultural Competitiveness White Paper aims to create a profitable and resilient Australian agriculture sector. In doing so, the White Paper emphasises farmers’ individual responses to the structural problems which have undermined farmers’ profitability, such as consolidated commodities markets. In particular, the White Paper recommends that farmers shape their farming practice to make their farms more attractive to private investors. This is presented as a normal response to farm profitability concerns. Farms are portrayed as investment targets and securing investment is framed as an essential skill of the modern farmer. To understand how this discursive construction has been made possible, this article develops a genealogical analysis of changing constructions of farmers, farming and of the role of the State. This research reveals the subtle discursive shifts which have helped shift responsibility for farming, from the State, to the self-reliant individual, and most recently, towards the private sector. Whereas the construct of the self-reliant, independent farmer has been used to facilitate deregulation of agricultural industries, this recent shift in power towards the private sector may potentially undermine farmers’ autonomy and increase dependence on private sector investment.     

A Genealogy: Tracing the Origins of Museum Admission Charges

Using Jim Scheurich's “Policy Archeology” as a theoretical framework, a genealogy of museum admission charges in the United States is presented. The three factors that ultimately led to the implementation and expansion of charges are the income/expenses balance, isomorphism within the museum field, and the philosophical stance of museums regarding the public purpose of the institution. These factors are tracked from early museum history through the 1980s, when admission charges become a new norm in the field.     

微观权力分析——读米歇尔·福柯的《规训与惩罚》

通过对微观权力分析,指出福柯与传统自由主义"司法-论述性的分析"模式不同之处,他并没有采用合法与非法的二元对立的模式,而是将自由主义分析框架之中对权力分析所需要的价值基础从它的分析中剥离出去,因而将其自由主义社会本身中隐藏的微观权力用系谱学的方法揭示出来,指出的微观权力的隐匿性与生产性的特征.微观权力就隐藏在社会运作体制之中,隐藏在我们的日常生活之中,并且生产出了我们所认可的真理与知识,并且形成了规训社会.面对这样的规训社会,我们主体的本真性如何表达出来.因此随后分析了微观权力与反抗的关系,指出了福柯与司法-论述性的权力模式的代表哈贝马斯的不同,以及福柯给出的与韦伯对于现代性中个体的出路不同的分析.在对福柯的审美个体的反抗的进一步分析中指出,他的反抗模式在理论上可能存在暗含有基础性的可能性以及审美个体之间冲突的可能性,从而在理论上存在危险.同时在实践中,也对福柯提倡的大众生活的日常反抗的实践效果的可行性与个人的审美体验进行了质疑.     

Y-chromosomal kinship estimation for forensic familial searching: YMrCA to the rescue

The Y-chromosome can be used as an identification method to find paternally related males of the perpetrator. When a close Y-haplotype match is identified, the time to their most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) needs to be estimated to reconstruct their genealogy. To date, two mutation models and three online tMRCA calculators exist. But, they do not include individual mutation rates with multi-step changes, while ignoring hidden multiple, back or parallel modifications. To improve tMRCA estimation, we developed a user-friendly calculator, the ‘YMrCA’, including all previously mentioned mutation characteristics. Here, a case using genealogical pairs with confirmed biological kinships visualizes the good estimation performance of the YMrCA compared to the state-of-the-art. Even when genealogical pairs have equal number of mutations, the YMrCA still estimates the correct number of generations due to the inclusion of individual Y-STR mutation rates and the different mutational influencing factors.