Observer determination of the make,model, and year of questioned vehicles

Often, criminal acts involving a vehicle are caught on digital video surveillance systems. While potentially useful for an investigation, the recording conditions are typically less than optimal for the extraction of key information for the identification of the perpetrator, such as a license plate. Providing the make, model and year of a questioned vehicle is a common request for examiners, to narrow the field of potential suspect vehicles. This study seeks to compare the performance of a nonpeer-reviewed make, model, and year determination between two separate groups, specifically, trained forensic image examiners and nontrained individuals. Results show that even with varied image capture conditions and quality, the trained forensic image examiners more correctly and completely identified the test group of questioned vehicles make, model, and year.     

论医疗事故罪的主体

医疗事故罪是新刑法增加的一种犯罪,自规定后争议一直颇大,特别是医疗事故罪的主体范围问题。医疗事故罪主体除了医务人员外,实习人员、医疗单位中从事行政管理、后勤服务等非医疗工作的人员在特定情况下也能成为本罪主体,但是单位不能成为本罪的主体。     

ASSESSING NEIGHBORHOOD AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON CHILDHOOD VIOLENCE IN AN AFRICAN‐AMERICAN SAMPLE*

The present study examines the extent to which neighborhood and social psychological influences predict childhood violence among 867 African‐American youth. The results showed that neighborhood affluence was the only neighborhood‐level variable to exert a significant influence on childhood violence. Furthermore, childhood violence was significantly related to social psychological influences, such as adopting a street code, associating with violent peers, parental use of violence, and quality parenting. Overall, the findings suggested that simply living in a violent neighborhood does not produce violent children, but that family, peer, and individual characteristics play a large role in predicting violence in childhood.     

邓小平在中央苏区“第一落”的坎坷与启示

邓小平在江西中央苏区时期,政绩显著,出类拔萃,却又历尽坎坷,大起大落。1933年3月,时任中共会寻安中心县委书记的邓小平,被"左"倾错误推行者打成所谓"毛派"头子和"江西罗明路线"的代表人物,并受到错误的处置。本文依据大量第一手文献资料,揭示了"左"倾错误推行者在中央苏区开展反"罗明路线"斗争的缘由,勾勒了邓小平在中央苏区"第一落"的来龙去脉,总结了这场错误党内斗争的历史教训和邓小平在逆境中奋起的风范与启示。     

发展中心城市是陕西省城市化的最优途径

关于中国城市化发展的道路,学术界有优先发展小城镇和优先发展中心城市两种不同的观点。陕西省应走优先发展中心城市之路。这是因为,陕西省是一个欠发达的省份,中心城市规模太小,中心城市综合实力偏弱。     

Measuring Economic Integration in Developing Countries: The Case of Central America

This article builds a composite index, the Central American Integration Index (IIC-AMPI), to measure economic integration. This index utilises a robust methodology and conceptual framework. The study shows that IIC-AMPI is responsive to variable changes and resistant to outliers. The findings indicate that the Deep Integration Process initiative dominates the current integration trend, as seen in the regional average score from 2015 to 2017, aligning with Guatemala and Honduras. Nicaragua demonstrates the most consistent progress, while Panama lags behind. The evidence supports the Customs Union as Central America's future integration path, highlighting the index's ability to capture the dynamic reality of economic integration.     

Gender Differences in Self-Perceptions and Academic Outcomes: A Study of African American High School Students

There is increasing divergence in the academic outcomes of African American males and females. By most accounts, males are falling behind their female peers educationally as African American females are graduating from high schools at higher rates and are going on to college and graduate school in greater numbers. Some have suggested that school completion and performance is associated with how students feel about themselves. The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in the relationship between self-perceptions and 2 academic outcomes among a sample of 243 African American high school sophomores. The results suggest that, overall, females are more favorably oriented toward high school completion. Both male and female students with more positive self-perceptions have stronger intentions to complete the current year of high school. Higher grade point averages were more strongly associated with greater self-efficacy for females than for males. Given these findings, increased attention to educational programming, societal messages, and future research is warranted.     

撒哈拉以南非洲的人口问题与可持续发展

在非洲人口与经济发展关系的研究中,世界最不发达的撒哈拉以南非洲具有其典型性,深入研究其人口增长与经济发展的严重失衡、人口的科学文化素质低下特别是高文盲率和人口健康素质低劣特别是因艾兹病泛滥而导致的人口高死亡率及其它一系列问题,可以明显地看到这些问题对经济发展产生的诸多不利影响,以及它们对该地区的可持续发展带来的严峻挑战。     

非洲联盟面临的挑战

非洲面临最重要的挑战就是如何避免并解决冲突,恢复和巩固和平。持久和平是非洲应对其他挑战的先决条件。非洲联盟的建立显示出非洲人民应对挑战的决心,其目标就是要消除贫困,维护和平,使非洲各国走上经济持续发展的道路。中国是最早向莫桑比克提供援助的国家之一,非洲国家视中国为伙伴和盟友,中非合作的前景广阔。     

试论中亚的安全问题及中国与中亚关系

中亚的安全因素有外部因素和内部因素。大国在中亚的争夺是中亚成为安全热点的一个外部条件,但中亚的民族问题,宗教问题,政治体制问题也是主要的因素。这些因素与外部条件,都是影响中亚和我国的西部安全因素。中亚国家的内部因素是历史的遗产,但在现实的政治安全中依然起着决定作用。中国与中亚国家安全合作应进一步加强。