中国与东盟农业合作状况与展望

中国和东盟开展农业合作不仅是中国国家整体外交的需要,也是中国农业可持续发展、农业企业发展壮大的必然要求.本文在分析中国与东盟农业合作现状和存在问题的基础上,提出了促进中国和东盟农业合作的政策建议.     

The ox fall down: path-breaking and technology treadmills in Indian cotton agriculture

ABSTRACT

Although India’s cotton sector has been penetrated by various input- and capital-intensive methods, penetration by herbicide has been largely stymied. In Telangana State, the main obstacle has been the practice of ‘double-lining’, in which cotton plants are spaced widely to allow weeding by ox-plow. Path dependency theory primarily explains the persistence of sub-optimal practices, but double-lining is an example of an advantageous path for cash-poor farmers. However, it is being actively undermined by parties intent on expanding herbicide markets and opening a niche for next-generation genetically modified cotton. We use the case to explicate the role of treadmills in technology ‘lock-in’. We also examine how an adaptive locked-in path may be broken by external interests, drawing on recent analyses of ‘didactic’ learning by farmers.     

Evidence of Atrocities or Atrocious Use of Evidence: The Controversial Use of Atrocity Film at Nuremberg

This article focuses upon the utilisation of film evidence in criminal proceedings. It describes and evaluates the historical deployment of this type of material at War Crimes Trials, with particular emphasis upon the International Military Tribunal established at Nuremberg, in 1945, in the wake of the Second World War. During this Trial, the prosecution placed reliance upon the film, Nazi Concentration Camps, depicting with graphic realism the horrific barbarism of the Nazi regime. However, this was only made possible by the implementation of innovatory evidential procedures, effectively circumventing the hearsay rule. A comparison is drawn between this, and the current position in England and Wales, following the recent relaxation of the traditional embargo upon hearsay evidence. However, film evidence of the type adduced at Nuremberg may be more prejudicial than probative and should such circumstances arise, the interests of justice may not truly be served. Susan Twist is Senior Lecturer in Law at the Lancashire Law School, University of Central Lancashire. smtwist@uclan.ac.uk. The author was assisted in research for this article by the dissertation of Kellie Goggins.     

越南百年电影事业回顾(19世纪末—21世纪初)

越南电影事业已走过一个多世纪的历程。它于19世纪末在法属殖民地背景下发端,在抗法抗美战争中艰难成长,此间纪录片和故事片成就突出,获得了较高的国际影响。进入革新建设时期,文化环境宽松,越南电影秉持鲜明的民族特色向市场化、多元化、国际化迈进。21世纪前后,一批海外越裔导演的崛起为越南电影赢得了空前的国际声誉。     

统筹城乡发展 推进农业产业化进程——以松桃县太平营乡为例

发展生产是建设社会主义新农村的首要任务。坚持用统筹城乡发展的方略加快推进农业产业化,是建设现代农业、发展农村经济、增加农民收入的必经之路。松桃县太平乡农业产业化进程并非仅仅依靠行政力量来推动,它运用了市场经济的发展规律,突出农民的主体地位,充分发挥政策的牵引作用,从而将市场的基础性作用与政府的调控作用有机地结合起来,这也是松桃县太平营乡农业产业化发展得以迅速取得成效的基本经验。松桃县太平营乡经验显现了农业发展的新思路:以发展高效生态农业为方向,加快现代农业园区建设和农业龙头企业的扶持,积极培育区域特色农业,推进农业产业化、绿色化和多功能化发展。     

越南农业政策变革与粮食生产

越南政府的农业政策变革是影响二战后世界粮食格局的一个主要因素.1950年代中期开始的农业集体化运动不仅导致了生产率和稻米产量的下降,也使原来作为世界三大米市之一的越南在世界稻米出口舞台上变得无足轻重,甚至在有些年份没有任何影响.1980年代以后,越南逐渐将以前以合作社为主要生产单位的相对集中的农业生产方式变为以家庭为主要生产单位的相对分散的农业生产方式,从根本上解决了农民生产积极性不高的问题,结果大大提高了农业生产的效率和稻米的产量以及出口量,越南也一跃成为世界粮食舞台上一支举足轻重的力量.促使越南做出这一决定性改变的是越南普通农民在面对集体化运动时为维护和争取自己私利所做出的一些本能行为.他们以这些行为告诉越南党和政府他们喜欢什么,怎样做才是最有效率的.     

英国取缔马共的决策过程

1948年6月16日,三名欧籍种植园经理在马来亚北霹雳地区被杀,马来亚殖民当局宣布马来亚部分地区进入"紧急状态".两天后,"紧急状态"覆盖马来亚全境.马来亚殖民当局在宣布"紧急状态"时并没有同时宣布应由哪个政治组织对事态负责.直到7月19日,英国内阁才批准英国驻东南亚首席专员宣布马来亚共产党为非法组织.英国内阁在做出取缔马共的决策时并未掌握马共涉及谋杀事件的确凿证据,对马来亚事态的性质也缺乏把握.     

抓住机遇 加强合作 共创双赢——中国—东盟自由贸易区建成后广西与东盟农业合作的分析与思考

2010年1月1日,中国—东盟自由贸易区如期建成和全面启动。农业是中国—东盟自由贸易区建设过程中的先行者,如何抓住自由贸易区建成后给我国及广西与东盟农业合作方面带来的机遇,学习、研究和运用好、发挥好自由贸易区相关政策,是我们双边或多边都必须关注和研究的问题。     

殖民义化色彩下的“另类热”

二十世纪末中国文坛出现的诸如卫慧、棉棉、安妮宝贝等人的“另类”女性写作现象,引起广大读者的热忱关注,从而盛行一时,形成一股“另类热”。从传播与接受的角度看,另类热出现的原因,是现代传媒的影响与读者的猎奇逆反心理、全球化的语境与消费主义观念的盛行,“另类”作品中浓厚的殖民文化色彩与“另类”生活的展示等方面环环相扣、因因相袭、共同促生了卫慧、棉棉等的“另类热”。     

Gauging support for innovative farmland preservation techniques

Given growing concerns about the loss of farmland in the US, governmental and nonprofit groups are seeking innovative, cost-effective methods to preserve lands that will elicit additional landowner participation. This article describes four innovative farmland preservation techniques and derives implications for the policy process through interviews of key stakeholders: program administrators, lawmakers, and landowners. Experts on farmland preservation were also interviewed to ensure stakeholder perceptions substantively inform the policy process. Four techniques were selected for assessment from approximately 30 novel techniques. Reactions to these policy options reflect stakeholder perceptions of a baseline condition; the perceptions help evaluate which options are likely to survive the policy process and what attributes will lead to their acceptability because few of these techniques have yet become policy. Although the stakeholders may have more limited experience with the policy process, land preservation experts validated many of the results and the possibility of success in the “rough and tumble” of the policy process. Of the four investigated techniques rights of first refusal was the most favored, although respondents thought effective implementation would require careful targeting and a dedicated funding source. Experts agreed this technique was most likely to survive in the political arena. Agricultural conservation pension was also viewed favorably, though it was considered administratively difficult to implement. Several experts thought that, though inchoate, the pension plan could potentially be more cost effective than rights of first refusal. Land preservation tontines were perceived to be an interesting concept, but confusing, difficult to implement, and ill-defined. Term conservation easements were viewed unfavorably because they did not preserve land permanently.