清宫汤协助药物流产的临床与实验研究

目的 :观察清宫汤协助药物流产 (药流 )的作用 ,并探讨其机制。方法 :将 36 0例药流者随机分成单纯药流组 (不用其他任何中西药 )、催产素组 (待孕囊排出后用催产素 )、清宫汤组 (在药流当天服清宫汤 ) ,临床观察 3组出血情况 ,并进行动物实验。结果 :流产效果 :清宫汤组不全流产率明显低于单纯药流组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;阴道出血疗效 :清宫汤组显效率及总有效率明显高于另两组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;阴道出血量 :清宫汤组出血量少者明显多于单纯药流组 (P <0 .0 5 )。动物实验证实 ,清宫汤能增强动情小鼠体外子宫平滑肌的收缩功能 ,增加收缩频率和活动力 ,并能减轻小鼠耳郭肿胀及抑制冰醋酸所致的腹腔血管通透性增高 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结论 :清宫汤可配合药流提高流产效果 ,减少不全流产 ,缩短出血时间 ,减少出血量 ,安全有效     

犯罪未遂中的意志因素辨析

犯罪人在犯罪过程中的意志因素可以分为“犯罪本意”和“非犯罪本意的意志”。犯罪人着手实施犯罪后,由于犯罪本意以外的原因使犯罪过程停止下来,则构成犯罪未遂。在犯罪本意没有改变的情况下,当犯罪人的非犯罪本意的意志出现后,也可以使犯罪过程停止下来,但这仍然构成犯罪未遂,而不是构成犯罪中止。由于“非犯罪本意的意志”也属于意志因素,所以犯罪人着手实施犯罪后,导致犯罪未遂的原因既有意志以外的原因也有意志以内的原因。对我国刑法23条中的“意志以外的原因”应做狭义的理解,即它应当是指“犯罪本意以外的原因”。     

From Sancitity to Screening: Genetic Disabilities, Risk and Rhetorical Strategies in Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Conception Cases

This analysis scrutinises the rhetorical strategies used by judges in wrongful life and wrongful birth actions as evidence for the assertion that the judicial reading of public policy in such cases has undergone a significant shift which is likely to accelerate as genetic knowledge grows and health care resources shrink. The implications of the predicted move towards increased genetic testing of prospective parents are traversed in relation to feminist analyses of the impact of genetics on reproductive technology. These are viewed as forming a nexus with the current social constructions of disability and the contemporary cultural preoccupation with risk, in a context of the increasing commercial importance of genetic information. It is argued that women cannot make free and informed choices about genetic testing and pregnancy unless legal and social mechanisms which protect those choices are in place. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

堕胎行为的刑法规制研究——以强制堕胎为视角

我国的计划生育政策于1978年开始实行,此后,我国人口形势经历了转变,即从高生育率到低生育率,计划生育政策的实施使得堕胎已经成为一个日益突出的社会问题。为了实现我国人权保护观念的提升,维护社会道德底线,立法部门应加快立法进程,遏制对胎儿的不法侵害。     

中国北方部分城市人工流产妇女家庭暴力相关因素初探

作者采用结构式调查问卷方法,于2001年11月至2002年1月在天津、辽宁、河南及陕西地区对1215名自愿要求人工流产的城市妇女进行调查,分析了中国北方部分城市人工流产妇女中家庭暴力发生的相关因素。结果发现,274名调查对象在本次妊娠前或后曾遭受过亲密伴侣的家庭暴力(包括性暴力、躯体暴力和心理暴力),家庭暴力发生率为22.6%。家庭暴力的发生与年龄、教育程度、职业、经济收入均无关联。家庭暴力并非只发生于特定的人群,而是一个普遍存在的社会问题,人流妇女有与暴力有关的生活经历以及与男方关系不良,易增加暴力发生的风险。     

Women's agency in Australia's first fertility transition: a debate revisited

The place of women's agency in the fertility transition of the late nineteenth/early twentieth century is a contested one. Some argue that the transition was achieved mainly through male methods of contraception. Others, including many arguing from an Australian perspective, contend that women's agency in fertility decline was significant. In this article, the authors revisit the issue of women's agency in Australia. Drawing on a range of archival sources and scholarship, they seek to demonstrate that women in Australia in the last quarter of the nineteenth century had access to contraception, albeit limited, and, where that failed, to abortion. The authors argue that the changing political and educational climate, which saw women gaining the vote in 1894 in South Australia and admission to secondary and higher education and paid work, provided the setting for women's changing status. Their increasing agency – an agency many women worked to secure – encouraged women to challenge many traditional practices.     

Incestuous paternity detected by STR-typing of chorionic villi isolated from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded abortion material using laser microdissection

Microscopic examination of a blood clot expelled by a physically and mentally disabled woman taken to the emergency room because of genital bleeding revealed the presence of chorionic villi encircled by decidua, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In order to identify the father of the product of conception, sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded abortion material were subjected to laser microdissection: DNA extraction from chorionic villi selectively isolated from the surrounding tissues allowed successful STR-typing of fetal cells, which was otherwise prevented by excess maternal DNA. The large number of homozygous genotypes in the fetal profile suggested incestuous paternity. Analysis of reference DNA samples from male relatives excluded the woman's father, paternal grandfather, and maternal grandfather, whereas the obligate paternal alleles of the fetus were constantly present in the genotypes of the woman's brother, clearly demonstrating brother-sister incest (probability of paternity > 99.99999%).     

Women's interpretations of the right to legal abortion in Mexico City: citizenship,experience and clientelism

In April 2007, after a period of intense social debate, the Mexico City Legal Assembly legalized abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, which was an unprecedented development in women's rights in Mexico. Within the context of a proliferation of public discourses about women's citizenship rights changes in women's social status in Mexico, this article explores the extent to which the newly legalized character of abortion is interpreted by women as a right. Drawing on 24 interviews with women who had a legal termination of pregnancy between 2008 and 2009, this research shows that legalization opens up new and complex relationships between women as subjects of rights and the state. Such relationships are expressed as three discursive figures: legal abortion (1) as a concession from the government, (2) as ‘excessive’ tolerance by the state, and (3) as a right to be protected and guaranteed. The analysis shows that women's interpretations of the right to legal abortion are mediated by profound transformations, which Mexican society is currently undergoing. These include changes related to a shift from a clientist political culture to one more framed in terms of citizenship, the subjective effects of family planning policies, and their ambivalent relationships with Catholic notions of women and motherhood, and the effects of feminist discourses of women's citizenship, abortion, and reproductive rights.     

复发性流产肾虚证小鼠子宫蜕膜组织miRNA表达谱检测及生物信息学分析

目的 探讨微小RNA（microRNA,miRNA）在复发性流产（repeated spontaneous abortion,RSA）肾虚证小鼠子宫蜕膜组织中的表达特征。方法 运用基因芯片技术对所采集的正常对照组和RSA小鼠蜕膜组织进行miRNA检测,运用Genespring软件对miRNA进行筛选及功能分析。应用生物信息学方法分析差异表达的miRNA及其靶向基因在RSA发生、发展中的作用。结果 芯片检测结果显示正常对照组和RSA肾虚证组筛选出差异表达的miRNA共有63条（22条上调、41条下调）,实时荧光定量PCR验证的miRNA的表达情况与miRNA芯片结果一致。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析及基因本体分析显示,其差异表达的miRNA涉及到PI3K-Akt信号通路、细胞吞噬通路、癌症通路、黏着斑通路、肌动蛋白细胞骨架调控通路、轴突导向信号、MAPK信号通路、PAP-1信号通路等。结论 RSA肾虚证小鼠子宫蜕膜组织中存在差异表达的micro RNA,可能涉及RSA肾虚证的发生、发展。     

补肾安胎冲剂对复发性自然流产小鼠蜕膜血管内皮生长因子及其受体调控作用研究

目的 观察补肾安胎冲剂对复发性自然流产（recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA）小鼠胚胎丢失率和蜕膜组织血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）及其受体的影响。方法 采用Clark经典RSA小鼠模型,将RSA小鼠随机分为模型组、补肾安胎冲剂低剂量（11.7 g/kg）组、补肾安胎冲剂高剂量（23.4 g/kg）组,黄体酮胶囊（156 mg/kg）组,另取正常妊娠小鼠作为正常组,每组8只。末次给药后,处死小鼠,计算胚胎丢失率;光镜下观察蜕膜组织血管形态学改变;采用免疫组化法检测蜕膜组织VEGF、血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR-2）、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1（soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1,sVEGFR-1）的表达;采用RT-PCR法检测小鼠蜕膜组织中VEGF、VEGFR-2及sVEGFR-1 mRNA的表达。结果 补肾安胎冲剂能改善蜕膜组织血管形态学变化,升高蜕膜组织中VEGF和VEGFR-2蛋白含量,降低sVEGFR-1蛋白含量;能显著降低RSA小鼠胚胎丢失率（P<0.05）,升高蜕膜组织中VEGF和VEGFR-2 mRNA表达水平,降低sVEGFR-1 mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）,呈现明显的量效关系。结论 补肾安胎冲剂对RSA小鼠具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与调控VEGF及其受体,改善蜕膜组织血管重铸有关。