地方创新性立法的限度及其规范化

地方创新性立法是推进地方治理法治化的重要手段,鼓励地方立法创新是完善我国立法体制的应有之义。为实现地方创新性立法的规范化,应明确地方性事务的判断标准,引入重大事项请示报告制度,加强立法决策量化论证。     

论地方事务设定的合法性要件

针对地方事务的初次分配(设定),长期由国务院等中央行政机关负责的实践传统不能取代有限制性规定的现行法律。按照这些合法性要件,在设定主体上,全国人大及其常委会和经授权的国务院有权设定地方事务。同时,为适应综合治理的需求,1985年关于经济体制改革的授权决定应及时增补其他领域。在规范形式上,只有宪法、法律与依行政法规程序制定的暂行规定或条例可以胜任;并且要以宪法为依据,以法律为主体,提高人大立法的比重,控制授权立法。在制修程序上,代表团得充分行使提案权,为地方事务的设定发声;“中央和地方协商办事”的治理原则须转化为法定程序,以便地方意见的收集。     

Local government projectification in practice – a multiple institutional logic perspective

ABSTRACT

During the last couple of decades, we have witnessed a proliferation of the project as an organizational solution in sectors as diverse as IT, housing, social services, education and culture. Despite a growing interest in the phenomenon, we know surprisingly little of how processes of public sector projectification unfold in practice, especially at local government level. This article uses an institutional logic perspective to illustrate and argue that public sector projectification can be understood and conceptualized as the enactment of multiple, co-existing institutional logics, but where one particular logic is of growing importance – the project logic. It is argued that even though the project form is often perceived as more flexible than that of the bureaucracy, the practical outcome seldom represents a radical break with traditional, bureaucratic management models. Rather, it appears to aid a rediscovery and reuse of central bureaucratic practices and procedures such as reporting, documentation and standardization.     

Assessing the Performance of the Price Cap Plan for Local Exchange Carriers in the United States

In 1991 the FCC implemented a price cap plan for local exchange carriers' interstate access service designed to deal with the regulatory boundaries problem arising from the breakup of AT&T in 1984. The experience with the price cap plan demonstrates the difficulty of predicting productivity growth accurately and makes clear that regulators cannot depend upon a pure price cap plan to keep prices within a reasonable range of costs. With periodic reviews to readjust plan parameters, however, a price cap plan can maintain the rate-of-return close to the target rate-of-return without diminishing the price cap plan's incentives for efficient production. A simple method of recalculating the X-factor based on the rate-of-return over the previous three years worked well in simulations. If this procedure had been used over the price cap period 1991 to 2000, prices would have been 20 percent lower and expenditures on LECs' telecommunications service subject to a price cap would have been $3.8 billion lower.     

新形势下发展基层工人队伍的先进性

新形势下,工人阶级特别是基层工人队伍,如何进一步发扬其先进性,已成为一个十分重要的问题。面对诸多新的挑战,工人队伍要继续发扬其先进性,在建设社会主义市场经济和实现中华民族伟大复兴中发挥重要作用。     

论科学发展观视野中的地方政府绩效评价体系的优化

科学发展观的提出受到各界的普遍关注并得到了高度的评价。为确保科学发展观的贯彻落实,地方政府绩效评价体系的优化显得尤其重要。首先,要按照科学发展观的要求,构建科学的评价指标体系;其次,要完善评价主体结构;再次,要开发利用科学的评价技术与方法;最后,必须制定完善的法律法规,规范地方政府绩效评价活动。     

精神世界结构探析

建设和丰富人们的精神世界是一项具有深远战略意义的任务和目标。精神世界是人所特有的一个极其复杂的世界,当然是由物质世界决定的,但作为一个相对独立的世界,有其特殊的规律和建设方式。对此,要加强研究和认识,分析精神世界结构,掌握其形成、发展变化的规律和特点。本文把人们的精神世界相对区分为三个层面,并对这三个层面的相互关系作了初步分析和探讨,指出了问题所在及寻找解决问题的思路和途径。     

浅谈村民自治进程中的干群关系

村民自治作为一种直接的民主形式 ,是现阶段中国农村社会的基本政治制度。干群关系作为维系农村社会的基础 ,是推进村民自治进程的关键。正确认识村民自治进程中干群关系出现的新变化 ,并且采取切实有效的措施加以改善和发展 ,不仅是农村社会稳定和发展的基础 ,更是推进民主政治建设 ,开创农村工作新局面的重要保证。     

火灾发生起数的区间估计和假设检验

在分析火灾发生概率规律性的基础上,可在一定的置信水平上,对火灾发生的起数进行区间估计和假设检验。通过区间估计将未来的火灾形势预测为一个置信区间,通过假设检验可排除随机干扰,确定火灾发生起数的变化规律,这些信息都能为消防规划的制定提供科学的数量依据。     

多权力格局的冲突与协调——以本轮房地产调控为中心所展开

房居事关民生,中央政府已出台一系列政策,仍无法控制房价的飞涨.需求和供给能解释大部分高房价,但仍无法解释为什么中央政策的失效.高房价是一系列主体的行为所导致,政府之间、政府部门间的冲突放纵了房价的上涨.更深刻的原因在于我国政制的不足,权力行使应被制约,但也要使它有效协调运作.