柴地合方对慢性应激大鼠大脑前额皮质和海马单胺类神经递质的影响

目的：研究柴地合方对脑组织单胺递质含量的影响,探讨其抗抑郁作用可能的机制。方法：复制大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型,慢性给予柴地合方,采用高效液相色谱系统(HPLC)加电化学检测器(ECD)检测前额皮质和海马组织中单胺类神经递质及相关代谢产物的含量。结果：慢性应激大鼠前额皮质中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5羟色胺(5—HT)和3,4—二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)含量显著降低,柴地合方可以翻转这种降低;慢性应激大鼠海马中NE、5—HT含量显著降低,柴地合方可以部分逆转降低水平。结论：柴地合方可升高慢性应激模型大鼠前额皮质和海马中NE和5—HT水平,这可能是其抗抑郁的机制之一。     

MAO基因遗传多态性及与精神疾病相关性研究进展

单胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase,MAO)是调控儿茶酚胺和5-羟色胺等单胺类氧化脱氨的一类重要酶,广泛分布于包括神经系统在内的人体各种组织中,具有多种生物学功能。MAO有两种类型,MAO-A和MAO-B。MAO基因具有遗传多态性,其中部分多态性位点与某些精神疾病如严重抑郁障碍、酒精中毒、反社会情感障碍及精神分裂症等有一定的相关性。MAO基因遗传多态性的研究,可能为法医学个人识别与亲权鉴定提供新的遗传标记,并为司法精神病鉴定提供参考性遗传学指标。     

柴郁温胆汤及其拆方对慢性应激抑郁大鼠的作用

目的 研究柴郁温胆汤及其拆方对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠的治疗作用。方法 选择旷场行为学评分相近的56只大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、柴郁温胆汤组、调气血组、化痰组、养心脾组、马普替林组,每组8只,以孤养联合慢性不可预见性轻度应激方法复制大鼠抑郁模型,对大鼠进行旷场行为学测定并评分,对大鼠进行糖水消耗实验并测定体质量变化,并采用高效液相色谱-电化学方法检测大鼠大脑前额叶脑皮质去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)的含量。结果 模型组大鼠旷场行为评分水平活动和垂直活动均显著下降(P<0.05,或P<0.01),蔗糖水消耗量明显下降(P<0.01),体质量增长缓慢(P<0.05,或P<0.01),脑内NE、5-HT含量降低（P<0.05）。柴郁温胆汤及部分拆方能显著改善模型大鼠的行为学变化（P<0.05,或P<0.01),增加大鼠脑内NE、5-HT的含量（P<0.05）。〖JP〗结论 柴郁温胆汤及其拆方具有抗抑郁作用,其中全方的抗抑郁作用优于各拆方。     

STRESS,GENES, AND GENERALIZABILITY ACROSS GENDER: EFFECTS OF MAOA AND STRESS SENSITIVITY ON CRIME AND DELINQUENCY*

In the current study, we extend the gene‐by‐environment interaction (cGxE) literature by examining how a widely studied polymorphism, the MAOA upstream variable number tandem repeat (MAOA‐uVNTR) interacts with distal and proximal stressors to explain variation in crime and delinquency. Prior research findings have revealed that MAOA‐uVNTR interacts with single indicators of environmental adversity to explain criminal behavior in general‐population and incarcerated samples. Nevertheless, the genetically moderated stress sensitivity hypothesis suggests that increased risk for criminal behavior associated with variation in the MAOA‐uVNTR can be best understood in the context of both distal stress during childhood and proximal stress in adulthood. Therefore, we employed Tobit regression analyses to examine a gene–distal–proximal environment (CGxExE) interaction across gender in a sample of university students (n = 267) and with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 1,294). The results across both sets of analyses demonstrate that variation in the MAOA‐uVNTR interacts with distal and proximal stress to lead to increased risk for criminal behavior in males. Although proximal life stress is associated with an increase in crime and delinquency, this effect is more pronounced among MAOA‐L allele carriers that have experienced distal stress.     

改良版脐灸对老年功能性便秘患者肠动力、胃肠神经递质及肠道菌群的影响

目的 观察改良版脐灸对老年功能性便秘患者肠动力、胃肠神经递质及肠道菌群的影响。方法 将94例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组47例。对照组患者口服枸橼莫沙必利,观察组患者接受改良版脐灸治疗,疗程14 d。治疗前后分别观察两组患者排便情况（每周排便次数、粪便性状、粪便pH值、排便困难程度）,采用胃肠动力检测仪检测患者肠动力学指标［直肠最低敏感度（rectal minimum sensitivity,RMS）、最大耐受度（maximum tolerance,MT）、直肠顺应性（rectal compliance,RC）、结肠传输试验（colon transport test,CTT）］以评价肠传输功能,放射免疫分析法检测胃肠神经递质［胃动素（motilin,MTL）、5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）、血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP）、P物质（substance P,SP）］,荧光强度定量法检测肠道菌群（大肠埃希菌、产气夹膜梭菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌）数量,基于排便次数、粪便性状和排便困难程度积分判定临床疗效,并观察安全性。结果 观察组临床疗效显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组患者每周排便次数,粪便pH值,血清MTL、SP水平的升高程度以及粪便性状、排便困难程度评分,血清5-HT、VIP水平,肠动力学指标RMS、MT、RC、CTT的降低程度显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。与治疗前比较,观察组患者大肠埃希菌数量显著降低（P＜0.05）,产气夹膜梭菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量显著升高（P＜0.05）,而对照组患者4种肠道菌群数量均无明显变化（P＞0.05）。观察组总不良反应发生率（4.3%）显著低于对照组（23.4%）（P＜0.05）。结论 改良版脐灸可缓解老年功能性便秘患者的便秘,调节肠动力、胃肠神经递质和肠道菌群,安全性高。     

Bad nature, bad nurture, and testimony regarding MAOA and SLC6A4 genotyping at murder trials

Recent research-in which subjects were studied longitudinally from childhood until adulthood-has started to clarify how a child's environment and genetic makeup interact to create a violent adolescent or adult. For example, male subjects who were born with a particular allele of the monoamine oxidase A gene and also were maltreated as children had a much greater likelihood of manifesting violent antisocial behavior as adolescents and adults. Also, individuals who were born with particular alleles of the serotonin transporter gene and also experienced multiple stressful life events were more likely to manifest serious depression and suicidality. This research raises the question of whether testimony regarding a defendant's genotype, exposure to child maltreatment, and experience of unusual stress is appropriate to present during the guilt or penalty phases of criminal trials, especially when capital punishment is a consideration. The authors present their experience in genotyping criminal defendants and presenting genetic information at criminal trials.     

噻环乙胺及小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)对大鼠不同脑区单胺类神经递质的影响

Wister大鼠84只,先随机抽取12只为对照组,其余随机均分为噻环乙胺组和XFM组,每组又随机均分为麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组3个亚组。采用荧光分光光度法分别测定各组大鼠脑区内去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的含量。结果显示,噻环乙胺及XFM均使麻醉组大脑皮层、海马和丘脑内NE和DA的含量显著降低,5-HT的含量显著增加(P0.01);恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组中上述各脑区内NE、DA、5-HT含量均显著恢复;麻醉全过程中,小脑和脑干内NE、DA、5-HT含量均无显著变化。结果表明,噻环乙胺及XFM的中枢麻醉作用可能与降低大脑皮层、海马和丘脑内NE和DA,同时增加5-HT的含量有关。     

EFFECT OF MOXIBUTION GUANYUAN POINT ON MONOAMINES NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN MORPHINISTIC DEPENDENCE MORDELES OF MICE

目的：为临床针灸戒毒促进康复提供实验依据。方法：观察艾灸关元穴对吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织单胺类递质含量及吞噬细胞活性等指标的影响。结果：艾灸组动物脾重增加，吞噬细胞活性提高，脑内单胺类递质含量呈降低趋势，其中ＤＡ 低于对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５） 。结论：艾灸可调节吗啡依赖小鼠的吞噬细胞活性，阻抑停用吗啡后脑内ＤＡ、ＮＥ 和５ ＨＴ的骤然释放，从而起到改善戒断症状、促进康复的作用。