浅析民主的类型与含义

梳理从古至今的民主理论体系,可将其分为理想主义民主或理性主义民主、经验主义民主以及现实主义民主。理性主义民主可分为自由主义民主、平等主义民主和多数统治论民主。现实主义民主分为程序民主、宪政民主和平衡民主。学习借鉴西方国家民主理念,结合我国现实情况,构建共性与个性相结合的民主机制,是我国的民主发展之路。     

主流范式的危机:法律经济学理论的反思与重整

主流法律经济学对法律问题进行分析、评价和预测,其基本内容是以经济合理性或理性选择的方法来评价法律权利的不同分配所带来的一致性和效率,其所涉及的经济学理论基础主要是新古典主义微观经济学的基本范畴和有关原理,包括“普通法的效率假说”及其中所包含的“看不见的手”原理。主流法律经济学存在的最主要的缺陷是缺乏对政治过程中的权力、意识形态等因素的政治经济学分析,忽视了政治过程在公共政策制定和法律决策中的重要影响。为了弥补上述缺陷,应当建构一种“法律经济学的现实主义范式”。     

论后现代小说的叙事特征

在后现代主义与现代主义之间,尽管并不存在像现代主义跟现实主义之间那样的明显"断裂",但其间依然显示了独特性。后现代小说在叙事方面显示出如下特征:对作品的复制与多重复制,融合事实与虚构、现实与神话、原创与模仿,消解文学不同类别和体裁的界限,叙述主体的"本体论"运用与戏拟式变换,不可靠叙述者大量出现。     

Coming to Grips with Realism

Retrieving Realism renders the joint philosophical goals of Hubert Dreyfus and Charles Taylor into what is probably their final and most concise form. It has two main objectives: first, it aims to deconstruct the mediationalism that undergirds Western philosophy, and second, it endorses contact theory, or embodied/embedded coping, as an alternative. In this essay, I present the book’s most salient themes and reveal areas that are ripe for further philosophical consideration. I also direct the reader to the work’s genuine ontological challenge: how to come to grips with contact theory beyond the borders of epistemology.     

中国法学"现代化范式"之关系主义批判——评《中国法学向何处去》

邓正来教授试图凭借"中国法律理想图景"经由关系主义视角来探究和处理"应然"与"实然"、中国与西方、中华民族与世界结构的关系.然而,将关系主义批判的研究方法运用到中国法律哲学批判和建构这一研究对象上来的时候,邓正来可能会夸大一些问题,甚至可能遮蔽一些问题.我们必须在开放和厘清上述问题的基础上建构21世纪的中国法律哲学.     

The foreign policy and intervention behaviour of Nigeria and South Africa in Africa: A structural realist analysis

This article assesses the foreign policy and intervention roles of Nigeria and South Africa in Africa, given their status as regional powers, and the regional complexes within which they operate. Drawing references from a plethora of conflicts in which these two states have intervened, this article argues that structural realism, given its emphasis on the material structure of power and the pursuit of relative gains, is useful as a theoretical framework in this assessment. The article makes a contribution to the literature by illustrating the value of structural realism as an international relations (IR) approach within which the intervention behaviour of these two African states can be analysed. The author acknowledges that while structural realism points to the fact that the pursuit of relative gains may be behind the normatively-clad role conceptions of states, foreign policy cannot be reduced to the pursuit of relative power alone.     

Intervention and Statebuilding Beyond the Human: From the ‘Black Box’ to the ‘Great Outdoors’

This article analyses intervention and statebuilding as shifting towards a posthuman discursive regime. It seeks to explore how the shift to ‘bottom-up’ or post-liberal approaches has evolved into a focus upon epistemological barriers to intervention and an appreciation of complexity. It attempts to describe a process of reflection upon intervention as a policy practice, whereby the need to focus on local context and relations – in order to take problems seriously – begins to further undermine confidence in the Western episteme. In other words, the bottom-up approach, rather than resolving the crisis of policy practices of intervention, seems to further intensify it. It is argued that the way out of this crisis seems to be found in the rejection of the aspiration to know from a position of a ‘problem-solving’ external authority and instead to learn from the opportunities opened up through the practices of intervention. However, what is learnt does not seem to be able to fit into traditional modes and categories of expertise.     

Reconsidering the ontological foundations of international energy affairs: realist geopolitics,market liberalism and a politico-economic alternative

Accounts of international energy affairs often present a divergence between geopolitical/realist and liberal market-based approaches. This article suggests that this state of affairs reflects the (often implicit) legacies of realist and rationalist international thought in the study of energy affairs and the corresponding political and economic ontological hierarchies of analytical frameworks employed in different accounts of energy politics. Consequently, this article recommends a greater explicit attention to scientific ontological foundations in studies of energy relations and, in line with the calls of Keating et al. and Strange, suggests an approach based in the literature on I/GPE, which merges political and economic ontological axioms, as most apposite for the study of energy affairs. Building on this framework, and giving particular examples from the context of Eurasian energy politics, this article then outlines a number of politico-economic heuristic models (structural diversity, territorial non-coincidence, milieu-shaping and market-authority bargains) that are particularly useful concepts in helping to explain the intricate interactions of international energy relations.     

冷战结束后墨西哥的外交政策中的变与不变

由于受到独特的地理位置和历史的影响,墨西哥外交政策的基石是不干涉原则和民族自决。但墨西哥作为发展中国家,其外交政策不得不随着国际形势的变化而调整。冷战结束前,墨西哥的外交政策更多地强调民族主义;冷战结束后,墨西哥外交政策从强调民族主义转向现实主义,和美国结成战略联盟,大大改善同美国的关系。但是,墨西哥外交政策依然具有继承性。     

反虚构:新时期文学创作的一个新动向

20世纪 80年代中后期 ,文学的创作方法潜流着一股从“虚构”到“反虚构”的倾向 ,含有强烈的“非虚构”、“纪实”的新写实小说成了文坛一道流行色。产生这种现象的主要原因是与中国当下的社会变革紧密相关 ,它能将人们在这转型期复杂的情绪最迅速的渲泄出来。