The political economy of ‘flex trees’: a preliminary analysis

With the rise of ‘bioeconomy’, trees are receiving increasing attention. This contribution conducts a preliminary analysis of the trajectories and the main drivers of change in the rise of new, flexible and multiple uses of trees. It assesses the political dimensions involved in this transformation, which is simultaneously ongoing, anticipated and imagined. Notes are offered on the issues to be considered when the flex-crop framework is operationalized to include the study of trees, and additional conceptualizations that help in analyzing the political economy of tree uses are provided. Areas needing further empirical study are identified and a preliminary research agenda is suggested. The flexible and multiple use of trees and tree-derived commodities is having a large impact on power relations in the global political economy of forestry and the forest industry, the asymmetry of which is based on who is best able to flex or de-multiply, thereby controlling commodity webs and processing technology. It is argued that while flexing seems to increase diversity, in practice it typically increases this only for the processing industry; the converse occurs in terms of the unification of the productive base into monocultures. However, these two processes go hand in hand, and illustrate how flexing is a deeply capitalist process.     

Politics of inclusion and exclusion in the Chinese industrial tree plantation sector: the global resource rush seen from inside China

In the last two decades, the industrial tree plantation (ITP) sector has expanded rapidly in southern China, causing important changes in land-use and land control. It involves both domestic and transnational corporations, and has provoked widespread conflict and political contestations. The villagers who are affected by the expansion of ITPs have reacted in varied and complex ways: some of the villagers were incorporated in the ITP sector, while others are excluded; some have embraced the change, while others have complaints; and some of the complaints remained latent, while others developed into (overt or covert) forms of resistance. This paper explores how and why various social groups have responded differently to the expansion of ITPs. This paper reveals the dynamics of villagers’ inclusion and exclusion in the ITP sector, covering both ‘passive’ and ‘active’ forms of inclusion and exclusion, resulting in differentiated political reactions from villagers. This paper hopes to contribute towards a more comprehensive understanding of the complex engagement of villagers in changes in land use and land control, not just in the most commonly studied countries in global land grabbing but inside China, and in transactions that involved large foreign companies, something that has so far been missed in the literature on land grabbing.     

关于当前警民关系的思考

＂社区警务树＂理论值得借鉴。民警与社会人的联系要兼顾户籍所在地和兴趣共同体两个方面。调整警民关系首先要解放思想调整思路,警察要以责任心和办事能力赢得民心。警民合作关系建立的前提是警察公正严明执法,警察执法环境的改善主要需要公安部门的努力。警务工作的改革应当引进＂善治＂理论,民警既要注意＂面对面＂,还要学会＂屏对屏＂地交朋友。     

Why Do People Hang Themselves on Trees? An Evaluation of Suicidal Hangings on Trees in Konya,Turkey, between 2001 and 2008

Hanging is the most common method of suicide in the world, and many public places offer a means or opportunity to carry out the activity. Of 4,452 death examinations and autopsies, there were 378 (8.5%) suicides and suicide method was hanging in 185 (48.9%) cases. In 20 of these (10.8%), the suspension point was the branch of a tree. The incident location was the garden of the victim's house in nine cases, the woodlands in seven cases. The suicides were attributed to psychiatric disorders in nine cases, economic problems in six cases, and family problems in five cases. It is concluded that hanging on a tree as a suicide method is often committed by males and the underlying motive may be different in suicidal hangings on trees occurring at daytime and night. For preventional purposes, the reporting of such suicides in public places by the media may be restricted by local authorities.     

重复供述的排除规则研究

如果能够证明初次供述涉嫌用非法手段获取,此后在合法的讯问程序下作出若干份相似的再次供述是否应当排除,是非法证据排除必须解决的问题。排除重复供述的标准在于非法行为与重复供述的联系密切程度,应当运用"五步排除法"权衡。     

A model for adoption of mobile banking services using classification and regression trees

The analysis and improvements of bank performance is a challenging issue for bank managers. Among various banking services, mobile banking is one of the most risky fields that is prone to customer resistance. Mobile banking is a form of banking transaction carried out via a mobile phone. Mobile banking allows bank customers to check their account balances and perform credit card transaction, as well as provide information on the latest transaction made by customers. This paper summarizes experiences and results of productively using knowledge discovery and data mining techniques in a large detail bank data. Data mining is the process of extracting patterns from data. We review prior literature on mobile payments, analyze the various factors that impact mobile payment services markets, and suggest directions for future research in this risk management field. Our research work demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of data mining in analysis of retailing bank performance. We use classification and regression tree learning algorithm for proposing a customer adoption model of mobile banking according to some personal characteristics of customers.     

黑龙江尚志地区莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体的鉴定与遗传进化分析

自我国黑龙江省尚志市野外采集的蜱体内分离出1株莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体,并对其进行了形态观察及分子生物学分析。利用BSK H分离培养法,经暗视野显微镜和姬姆萨染色观察,菌体呈螺旋状。根据已报道的伯氏疏螺旋体16S rRNA基因序列设计引物,结合参考文献设计的外膜蛋白A(OspA)基因引物经PCR扩增并测序,与GenBank中的各种伯氏疏螺旋体基因型建立系统发生树并进行同源性分析。结果表明,16S rRNA基因核苷酸序列与GenBank中的伽氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia garinii)DK27(X85193)具有较高的同源性,可达99.5%;OspA基因核苷酸序列与报道的Borrelia gariniiKhab(AY502600)有较高的同源性,为93.6%。根据序列分析结果,认为该分离株属于Borrelia garinii基因型,命名为SZ,该菌株16SrRNA基因和OspA基因核酸序列已提交到GenBank(登录号分别为HM007279和HM007278)。     

东北地区新城疫流行株的分子生物学特性调查

从东北地区发生新城疫 (ND)的病鸡、病鸽和产蛋下降鸡分离到 19株NDV ,对其融合蛋白 (F)基因 5 32bp或 2 80bp片段进行了克隆、测序 (在GenBank中的登录号为AY2 0 86 80～AY2 0 86 98) ,并对各株的F基因序列进行了比较。结果 ,各毒株之间的核苷酸同源性为 83.1%～10 0 % ,氨基酸同源性为 85 .5 %～ 10 0 % ;系统发育进化树分析表明 ,其中 2株与疫苗株V4同属基因Ⅰ型 ,为弱毒株 ;其余 17株为强毒株 ,其中 2株为基因Ⅵ型 ,其余为基因Ⅶ型。表明东北地区目前由 3种基因型的NDV毒株 (Ⅰ型、Ⅵ型、Ⅶ型 )所引发 ,并以基因Ⅶ型为主。另外 ,对其中的代表毒株APMV1/chicken/China/JL 11/ 0 2进行了免疫学试验 ,结果显示 ,LaSota疫苗的免疫保护效果不理想 ,可能是LaSota疫苗免疫鸡群发生ND的主要原因。     

山羊关节炎-脑炎病毒陕西分离株全基因组的克隆和序列分析

为了解山羊关节炎-脑炎病毒(CAEV)陕西分离株全基因组的特点及基因演化变化,根据Gen-Bank中登录的CAEV CO株的全基因组序列,设计合成了5对引物,对CAEV陕西株的全基因组进行了PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行了克隆和测序。结果显示,CAEV陕西株的基因组全长为9 065nt,获得的GenBank登录号为GU120138,包括两端的长末端重复序列,结构蛋白编码基因gag、pol、env和调节蛋白编码基因tat和rev,以及辅助蛋白编码基因vif。核苷酸序列比对表明,CAEV陕西株和CAEV甘肃株的同源性为99.6%,与CAEV CO株的同源性为92.4%,根据全基因组序列和gag基因序列构建的遗传进化分析结果显示,CAEV陕西分离株属于SRLV B2亚型。     

Author gender identification from text

Text is still the most prevalent Internet media type. Examples of this include popular social networking applications such as Twitter, Craigslist, Facebook, etc. Other web applications such as e-mail, blog, chat rooms, etc. are also mostly text based. A question we address in this paper that deals with text based Internet forensics is the following: given a short text document, can we identify if the author is a man or a woman? This question is motivated by recent events where people faked their gender on the Internet. Note that this is different from the authorship attribution problem.In this paper we investigate author gender identification for short length, multi-genre, content-free text, such as the ones found in many Internet applications. Fundamental questions we ask are: do men and women inherently use different classes of language styles? If this is true, what are good linguistic features that indicate gender? Based on research in human psychology, we propose 545 psycho-linguistic and gender-preferential cues along with stylometric features to build the feature space for this identification problem. Note that identifying the correct set of features that indicate gender is an open research problem. Three machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, Bayesian logistic regression and AdaBoost decision tree) are then designed for gender identification based on the proposed features. Extensive experiments on large text corpora (Reuters Corpus Volume 1 newsgroup data and Enron e-mail data) indicate an accuracy up to 85.1% in identifying the gender. Experiments also indicate that function words, word-based features and structural features are significant gender discriminators.