Analysis of off-farm work decisions among smallholder farm households in Burkina Faso

This article investigates off-farm work decisions by smallholder farm households. Using data on 1,101 households from Burkina Faso, it demonstrates that in addition to the usual household socio-demographic characteristics, remittances, access to information and beneficiary of specific training affect off-farm work decisions, as well as rainfall factors and idiosyncratic health shocks. Community characteristics such as accessibility and number of inhabitants are also key factors. While suggesting that off-farm work is less likely to be undertaken for accumulation purposes, these results have important policy implications. In particular, policy measures should consider each segment as a separate entity.     

铜对生长猪肝中IGF-Ⅰ基因mRNA表达的影响

采用生长试验、免疫放射分析和定量PCR方法,观察了生长猪血液中类胰岛素生长因子(IGF-I)及其结合蛋白(IGFBP3)数量的变化和IGF-I基因在肝中表达量的变化。结果显示, 每1 kg饲料中添加125-250 mg铜,能够上调IGF-I基因的表达量,显著提高猪的平均日增重,促进生长猪循环血液中IGF-I浓度的增加。试验结果证实,铜是通过促进生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子轴相关因子的合成和分泌来发挥促生长作用的。     

A Dialectic Study of the Structure and Basic Concepts of Traditional Chinese Law and an Analysis of the Relationship Between li (ceremony) and fa (law)

In the course of history, the meaning of fa (a Chinese character with an approximate meaning of “law”) has not been invariable, and its connotation in modern times has been enriched constantly, so as to incorporate many elements of ancient li (ceremony). If the modern concept of law, already changed and still changing, is to be used to mechanically compare and interpret traditional Chinese law, misunderstandings might arise. Actually, li and fa are indispensable components of traditional Chinese law, and the lack of necessary study of the li will prevent us from understanding and explaining the spirit of traditional Chinese law. In traditional Chinese law, “fa” usually refers to an institutional dimension, especially after Qin and Han dynasties, whereas li, especially li yi (moral basis for rites and ceremonies), is where the value and spirit of traditional Chinese law can be found. Translated from China Social Science, 5^th Issue, 2003 in Chinese     

汉族人群五个STR基因座的多态性调查

应用PCR及PAG电泳技术研究了PLA2A、vWA、CYP19、TH和LPL五个基因座的多态性，调查武汉地区汉族无关个体，获得汉族人群的频率分布。五个基因座基因型频率分布与Hardy-Weinberg平衡吻合良好、分别计算基因座的杂合度（H）、个人识别能力（Dp）、非父排除率（PE）和多态性信息总量（PIC）。为法医学应用提供了基础数据。     

Data Protection: An Opening Door?

Swedish public law has incorporated a general rule of public access to documents, and to information in the wider sense, since the Freedom of the Press Act of 1766. On the Community level, the relationship between Regulation (EC) 45/2001 on data protection and Regulation (EC) 1049/2001 on public access to documents exemplifies the tension between the public's interest in scrutinising the administration carried on in its name, and the integrity of the individual. However, a similar tension exists between Sweden's Personal Data Act of 1998, implementing Directive 95/46, and the Freedom of the Press Act. A misuse model of data protection law, by seeking to concentrate on serious rather than technical infringements of privacy, might serve to ease the tension. The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and are not attributable to any Community institution. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

气候变化的国际法发展:从温室效应理论到《联合国气候变化框架公约》

本文考察了温室效应理论对缔结《联合国气候变化框架公约》的决定性影响 ,并对《联合国气候变化框架公约》的基本法律原则 (规则 )及其对国际环境立法的贡献进行了述评。     

冠状动脉内弹力膜缺损与冠心病猝死的关系

目的探讨冠状动脉内弹力膜(IEL)病变与冠心病猝死(SCD)的关系。方法从本单位近5年尸检案例中挑选60例病例和心脏标本,分为SCD组、对照组A和B组。每例分别在冠状动脉左前降支近段取材,常规制片,HE和双重组合特殊染色,显微镜下观察冠状动脉IEL,并用图像分析技术对特殊染色的IEL进行形态定量分析。结果60例中,SCD组(男性24例,女性6例,年龄30~83岁)的冠状动脉IEL缺失明显(缺失率=41.64%),未缺失的IEL失去原有弯曲度而变平直;对照组A(冠心病非猝死者,男性13例、女性2例,年龄41~80岁)的冠状动脉IEL缺失程度较SCD组稍轻(缺失率=30.53%);对照组B(无冠心病的其他死者,男性8例,女性7例,年龄17~54岁)的冠状动脉IEL仅有轻度缺失(缺失率=15.67%),多保持原有波浪状结构。统计学分析显示,SCD组与对照组、SCD组与对照组B、对照组A与对照组B之间IEL缺损率的差异均具有极显著性意义;SCD组与对照组A在IEL缺损率上的差异有显著性意义。结论SCD与其冠状动脉IEL缺损率的大小密切相关。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

从陕西省榆林市某蛋用种鸡场疑似肾型传染性支气管炎病鸡中分离到了1 株肾型IBV(定名为YL 04),并对分离病毒进行了血凝性、血凝抑制性、致病性、鸡胚矮小化、电镜特征等生物学特性鉴定及S1基因5′端的RT PCR鉴定。结果表明,该分离株经10 g/L胰酶处理后的各代病毒尿囊收集液均可凝集鸡红细胞;标准阳性血清可特异性地抑制其凝集性;可复制出与自然发病相同的病例;病毒传代物有明显的致鸡胚矮小化作用;透射电镜下可见有近似球形、直径100 nm左右的冠状病毒粒子;用RT PCR方法扩增到1 条373 bp的目的片段,其核苷酸序列与IBV CQ/01/2004株序列的同源性达98%。     

抗O型口蹄疫病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性分析

用灭活O型口蹄疫病毒为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠4次后,取致敏的脾B淋巴细胞和SP2/0小鼠骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,在HAT选择培养基中培养2周,经间接ELISA法筛选,最终获得了3株抗O型FMDV的阳性杂交瘤细胞株,命名为2F1、2G7和6H4。血清学试验证明该McAbs能与FMDV抗原结合,具有高度特异性。     

鸡IFN-γ重组鸡痘病毒对鸡传染性腔上囊炎MB43弱毒疫苗免疫鸡免疫应答的影响

将重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-IFN-γ)与IBD MB43弱毒疫苗联合接种SPF鸡,研究重组鸡IFN-γ对IBD疫苗免疫效果的影响.结果显示,rFPV-IFN-γ和MB43弱毒疫苗联合免疫组(MB43+rFPV-IFN-γ)及rIFN-γ和MB43弱毒疫苗联合免疫组(MB43+rIFN-γ)在免疫后第2周即可检出ELISA抗体,比MB43疫苗单独免疫组早1周.用IBDV Gx株攻击后,MB43+rFPV-IFN-γ组和MB43+rIFN-γ组免疫鸡的脾只有个别淋巴细胞核浓缩、核崩解,少数滤泡萎缩变性坏死;胸腺损伤程度轻于MB43疫苗单独免疫组和非免疫对照组.免疫后1周,3个免疫组外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞含量均显著高于非免疫对照组,CD4+T淋巴细胞含量变化不明显;攻毒后第2周,3个疫苗免疫组CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞含量均显著升高,各组之间CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞含量无明显差异.证实,rFPV-IFN-γ和rIFN-γ可加强疫苗的细胞免疫和体液免疫应答.