A novel method for cyanide quantification in human whole blood using ion chromatography with amperometric detection and its application to cyanide intoxication cases

Cyanide is a highly toxic agent that has been frequently used for suicide in South Korea. It is also used in various industrial fields, such as metal plating, in which many accidental cyanide intoxications have occurred. To overcome the disadvantages of conventional cyanide analysis methods, a simple and fast method for the analysis of cyanide in whole blood using ion chromatography (IC) with amperometric detection was developed in this study. Whole blood samples were deproteinized, diluted, and analyzed using an IC–amperometric detection system. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The method showed good linearity in the range of 0.2 to 50 mg/L with R² > 0.99. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy values were <10%. The established method was successfully applied to analyze whole blood samples from three cyanide intoxication cases.     

刑事羁押制度-侦查阶段犯罪嫌疑人人权保障分析

我国对犯罪嫌疑人的权利保护与过去相比已经有所改善,但仍存在不少问题,刑讯逼供、超期羁押、违反平等比例原则、侵犯犯罪嫌疑人获得帮助和救济的权利等现象时有发生.文章主要针对上述现象提出一些相应的对策.     

原位反转录PCR技术的应用

针对已有资料中对于以DNA为靶基因序列的原位 PCR介绍较多,而对于原位反转录PCR的介绍很少,但在实际研究工作中有很多检测的靶基因是 RNA(病毒的或基因组的 RNA)的实际情况,就原位反转录PCR技术的基本原理、影响试验结果的关键因素和步骤,如组织细胞的固定、引物和探针的选择、蛋白酶及DNA酶消化、假阳性及假阴性的产生等进行了概述,旨在通过探讨上述问题,对该技术的实际应用有所指导。     

Acidic and neutral drugs screen in blood with quantitation using microbore high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection and capillary gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Blood previously acidified with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The dried extract was subjected to acetonitrile–hexane partition. The acetonitrile portion was analysed for the presence of acidic and neutral drugs by HPLC–DAD (200 mm×2.1 mm I.D. microbore ODS-Hypersil column) and GC–FID (25 m narrow-bore×0.25 mm I.D. HP-5 column with 0.33 μm film thickness). The protocol was found to be suitable for both clinical toxicology (including emergency toxicology) and postmortem toxicology. At least 66 drugs of interest were unequivocally identified by RRTs (HPLC) and UV spectra (DAD) match while another 12 were unequivocally identified by double RRTs match (HPLC and GC). Quantitation was facilitated by incorporating calibration blood standards in each assay batch. The five drugs most commonly encountered in clinical blood specimens (1150 cases) were: paracetamol (47.4% of the cases); chlormezanone (6.6%), theophylline (1.74%), naproxen (1.65%) and mefenamic acid (1.56%). The following drugs were detected in toxicologically significant quantities in postmortem blood specimens (245 cases): phenobarbitone (1.22% of the cases), naproxen (0.82%), chlormezanone (0.82%), theophylline (0.82%), carbamazepine (0.41%) and paracetamol (0.41%).     

A Note on Optimal Law Enforcement under Asymmetric Information

We show that the probability of apprehension and punishment is usually reduced in a framework with asymmetric information, leading to more offenses being committed. A positive correlation between crime and asymmetry of information in the enforcement process is established. Some suggestions concerning the efficiency of private versus public enforcement are drawn.     

Crime,detection rate,and the police: A macro approach

Dutch criminality and its relation to the performance of police and justice have only recently been analyzed at the macro level (e.g., at the level of municipalities or the whole country). This type of approach is a useful supplement to analyses at the micro level (that of individuals), which are more common in Dutch empirical criminological research. The main results of such a macro approach are presented in this article. We conclude that the per capita numbers of youth, divorced people, and unemployed contribute significantly to the crime rate. The police strength and solving rates are important factors as well. Analysis of the production process of the police reveals that detecting one more case of driving under the influence is far more expensive than solving one more other crime or handling one more traffic accident. The results are combined to sketch a cost-benefit approach of different strategies in allocating more resources to the police. Allocating extra resources to solving more cases of vandalism gives the best cost-benefit ratio.     

猪瘟病毒荧光RT-PCR快速检测方法的建立

以猪瘟病毒5′端非编码区为靶核酸序列设计引物和探针,建立了一步法荧光RT-PCR检测猪瘟病毒。荧光RT-PCR仅检测出猪瘟C株、T株,未能检测出牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、猪呼吸系统冠状病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒、PK-15细胞和牛睾丸原代细胞;对猪瘟病毒T株的扩增反应产物进行了测序分析,与预期序列相符。荧光RT-PCR的检测极限可达到1 TCID50/mL,整个试验流程只需2 h。采用荧光RT-PCR和抗原捕获ELISA同时检测临床病料、猪副产品共207份样本,两种方法的检出率分别为17.4%和13.5%,两者符合率为95.7%(198/207);荧光RT-PCR的检出率高于ELISA,两者差异显著。结果表明,建立的荧光RT-PCR可用于猪产品、临床病料中猪瘟病毒的快速检测。     

沙门菌实时荧光定量PCR检测试剂盒的研制与应用

根据沙门菌保守的fimY基因序列设计合成了引物和TaqMan探针,建立了快速检测沙门茵的实时荧光定量方法,并对反应条件进行了优化,组装成快速检测试剂盒。通过对临床样品的检测,该试剂盒的检测灵敏度达4．5 CFU(25μL反应体系),比常规PCR高100倍,而且稳定性良好,至少可以冷冻保存9个月。结果表明,所建立的沙门菌实时荧光定量PCR检测试剂盒具有操作简便、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好、稳定性强等优点,适于大量样品的检测。     

动物源性金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的检测

用K B法对52株动物源性金黄色葡萄球菌进行了 17 种抗生素耐药性检测。结果,试验菌对16种抗生素的耐药率达 19.2%~84.6%,耐药率最高的为氨苄青霉素,最低的为头孢曲松;其中对12种抗生素的耐药率在50.0%以上;在52株金黄色葡萄球菌中最少的耐 2 种抗生素,最多的耐15种抗生素,表明临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌株均表现高水平耐药和多重耐药;受试菌均对万古霉素敏感。