论无正本提单交付货物的若干法律问题

在国际海上货物运输中 ,由于航运技术的发展 ,船舶航速日益提高 ,相应地 ,因提单的延误而引发的承运人无正本提单交付货物的问题也日益突出和严重 ,甚至于对提单的功能产生了冲击。本文主要分析了承运人承担无正本提单交付货物法律责任的法理依据以及法律责任的有关问题。     

Freedom in paradise: quality of conditional release reports submitted to the Hawaii judiciary

Annually thousands of insanity acquitees are released from mental hospitals when they are no longer determined to be dangerous. This research examined quality of post-acquittal Conditional Release (CR) reports submitted to the Hawaii Judiciary. Hawaii utilizes a “three panel” system for assessing trial felony competency, criminal responsibility, and conditional release, where typically two psychologists (one Department of Health and one community-based) and one community-based psychiatrist submit independent reports to the Court. One hundred fifty CR reports were rated using a 44-item report quality measure. Interrater reliability trials indicated good to excellent agreement between quality ratings. Overall level of report quality was poor regardless of examiners' professional discipline, employer, or board certification status. Concordance rates for CR opinions were poor. Level of agreement between the judicial determination and majority recommendations was also poor. Reasons for the poor quality and level of agreement are discussed with recommendations for report quality improvement, including standardization of procedures and use of forensic risk assessment instruments.     

大鼠急性心肌缺血后肌浆网RyR2 mRNA表达变化

目的 研究大鼠急性心肌缺血后心肌肌浆网兰尼碱受体蛋白2(ryanodine receptor 2,RyR2)mRNA表达的变化.方法 将SD大鼠分为正常对照组、心肌缺血组和缺血性猝死组.采用腹腔注射垂体后叶素的方法复制大鼠急性心肌缺血和猝死模型,对心肌进行半定量荧光RT-PCR检测,观察RyR2 mRNA表达水平的变化.结果 与正常对照组相比,不同时间和不同程度的急性心肌缺血后心肌肌浆网RyR2 mRNA表达均显著降低(P<0.05).结论 心肌缺血性损伤可诱导心肌钙调控蛋白RyR2 mRNA表达下调.     

无单放货案件诉讼的时效问题研究

诉讼时效的起算时间常常是无单放货案件的争议焦点。无单放货情况下,并不存在法定或约定的交货行为,这类案件的诉讼时效期间不应从卸货时起算,也不应从放货时起算,而只能从应当交货之日起算。在《海商法》下,时效中止的适用不应局限于最高法院对《民法通则》的解释,各种导致权利人无法行使诉权的客观原因都可构成时效中止的事由。     

Getting Out of Debt: Garnishment of Wage in Whose Interest?

Garnishment of wage as a way for creditors to enforce payment by unwilling or insolvent debtors, while very common in Germany and Switzerland, is not very successful. Based on a dynamic model of debtor behaviour, this paper explores two alternatives of reform. One is to reduce the rate of garnishment, which at present amounts to 100 percent of the wage income exceeding a defined subsistence level, thus probably destroying incentives to work. According to model simulations, reducing the rate of garnishment is likely to result in an increase of labour supply but a decrease of garnishment revenue per period. Second, the introduction of a debt release as it exists in the United States would have an ambiguous effect on labour supply. While providing debtors with a fresh start, it would result a partial loss for creditors. A Pareto improvement thus does not seem to be possible. When taxpayers as an involved third party are taken into account, however, a potential Pareto improvement appears attainable through debt release.     

Restoring accountability in pretrial release: the Philadelphia pretrial release supervision experiments

As drug arrests and jail overcrowding added pressure to increase pretrial release in localities during the 1980s and 1990s, the need to manage a larger and higher-risk pretrial population of defendants awaiting adjudication in the community became a high priority for justice agencies. In the late 1990s Philadelphia officials sought to discover the ingredients of a successful supervision strategy through four interlinked field experiments to provide an empirical basis for a major reform of the pretrial release system. The results of the linked randomized experiments question common assumptions about “supervision,” its impact and effectiveness, about the underlying nature of the noncompliant defendant, and deterrence implications. The study emphasizes the importance of interpreting the findings in the context of implementation of the policy reform. Findings suggest that facilitative notification strategies wield little influence on defendant behavior and that deterrent aims are undermined by the system's failure to deliver consequences for defendant noncompliance during pretrial release. The most significant contribution of the article is its illustration of a major evidence-based policy reform undertaken by a major court system.     

论法医对非正常死亡死者家属的解释工作

非正常死亡在法医学上指由外部作用导致的死亡。非正常死亡的判定在基层往往取决于法医对死亡原因和死亡性质的鉴定。法医对非正常死亡死者家属的解释非常必要,在解释之前要做好充分的准备工作,且解释的内容及方法也很重要,需关注一些细节,以保证工作的正常开展。     

试论突发性事件信息公开的制度优化

在突发事件信息公开中,应该在制定和完善相关法律法规、处理突发事件所遵循的原则、政府新闻发言人的发言策略和新闻发言人、媒介、受众三者互动构建和谐舆论方面努力,以推进突发事件信息公开制度的优化。     

与中国有关的专属经济区渔业争端及其解决途径之思考

近年来,与中国有关的渔业争端有增多的趋势。对于因沿海国在其专属经济区扣押中国渔船引起的渔业争端,可以借助《海洋法公约》的有关规定,充分运用协商谈判、调解之解决程序,并考虑利用海洋法法庭在解决“迅速释放”问题方面具有强制管辖权的优势,就这方面的渔业争端接受海洋法法庭的管辖。而中国与周边国家存在的涉及领土主权事项和划界争议所引起的渔业争端,其治本之策在于解决划界问题,对此,可以声明不予适用强制程序,而是通过谈判,在“搁置争议,共同开发”的基础上渐进地予以解决。