Influence of electricity on post-mortal body temperature

In a case of suicidal application of electricity differences between the rectal temperature of the body and the suspected time of death were observed.In order to answer the question whether an electric current from hand to hand over >30 min led to a rise in body temperature FEM-based computer simulations and animal experiments were carried out. Both resulted in a warming of the soft parts in the arm without warming the body core. Thus a temperature-based estimation of the time since death can also be used in cases with electricity as the cause of death. Besides, in the animal experiment we found a spontaneous rise in the body core temperature even without application of electricity which may be a reason for the typical temperature plateau after death.     

依据Marshall和Hoare的数学模型推断死亡时间的新方法

在对Marshall和Hoare的尸体直肠冷却数学模型做进一步研究的基础上,建立了一种适于在环境温度为3°～24℃时推定死亡时间的新方法。用本法检测34具机械性损伤尸体与国内的两种计算方法比较,效果较优,于死后15小时内进行168次计算,误差在±1小时内的为57.1％～77.7％,它能较好地反映个体差异,因而比Marshall等的原方法更能客观地反映直肠冷却规律。     

利用积温和昆虫发育历期推测死亡时间的研究

目的积累尸食性蝇类虫态发育历期和积温的资料。方法采用动物尸体作诱饵,分别对自然飞到诱饵上繁殖生长的6种尸食性蝇类的虫态发育历期和积温进行观察研究。结果经过观察,取得了棕尾别麻蝇、丝光绿蝇、紫绿蝇、宽丽蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇、大头金蝇等6种尸食性蝇类的虫态发育历期和积温的基础数据。并采用倒计积温的方法推测实际案例中死者死亡时间,破案后证实推测时间与实际死亡时间一致。结论本文数据可为利用尸食性蝇类虫态育历期的积温推测死亡时间提供依据。     

根据C_3转化率和尸体肛温推断死亡时间

本文观察了不同温度条件下,人血中C_3转化率的变化情况。在14个尸解案例中,根据C_3转化率和尸体肛温推断死亡时间,其95％可信区间为±11小时。测定C_3转化率的同时,还可以观察C_3的表型,为无名尸体的个人识别提供依据。     

平板玻璃受热后折射率的变化规律初探

目的探索平板玻璃受热后折射率的变化规律。方法首先采用差示扫描量热仪测定玻璃样品的转变温度Tg,将样品加热至不同的温度(温度范围从室温到Tg以上),自然冷却至室温后再用GRIM3测量折射率。结果加热温度在Tg以下时,玻璃的折射率基本不变,加热温度在Tg以上时,折射率有明显变化。结论对于从火灾和爆炸现场提取的玻璃,在进行折射率比对时应当考虑现场高温对测量值的影响,并进行必要的修正。     

The effects of weather on homicide

This article examines the correlation between weather features and homicide in. Baltimore, Maryland, over an 8-year span of time. The consistent meteorological-measure of importance is the number of previous days in a row in which the discomfort index (a temperature and humidity measure) has been over the physiologically relevant level of 79. In all cases, however, the variance explained is quite small. The results are used to compare physiological and interactional explanations of weather or heat effects, leading to the conclusion that the repertoire of habits and adaptations available to the individual conditions his or her reactions to physiological stress induced by the weather.     

Heat Induced Changes to Dental Resin Composites: A Reference in Forensic Investigations?*

The objective was to investigate color change and surface damage in dental resin composites exposed to high temperatures over different time intervals for comparative purposes. Samples were prepared using two resins - Z100(R) (R1) and Charisma (R2), heated at the following temperatures: 200 degrees C, 400 degrees C, 600 degrees C, 1000 degrees C, for 15, 30 and 45 min (n = 104 for each resin sample). Color (DeltaE) and brightness (DeltaL) changes were analyzed by spectrophotometry using the CIE Lab system and surface changes by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). R1 showed more intense color changes after heat exposure than R2. DeltaL values were found to be the best parameter for evaluation of light and color change. A biphasic pattern after thermal exposure was detected, from dark brown to light white. SEM showed more intense alterations in R2 than in R1. These results indicate that the parameters observed in both resins are useful as a guide in forensic analyses.     

Comparison between Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of Bacterial 16S rDNA and Diatom Test for Diagnosis of Drowning

When a body is discovered in water, it is difficult to conclude whether the cause of death was drowning, even today. Although diatom testing by the digestive method is classical, we hypothesized that aquatic bacteria, as well as diatoms, might be detected in drowned bodies, and conducted temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE)‐targeting 16S rDNA. DNA was extracted from the site water, and from heart blood and liver samples from 27 bodies concluded as drowning deaths by autopsy and subjected to TGGE after amplification of 16S rDNA by polymerase chain reaction. We observed whether the feature point of each 16S rDNA from the site water and blood or liver samples matched. Considerably higher correspondence was observed in drowned bodies, and the rate was higher than that achieved with the digestive method. Moreover, TGGE is safer than the digestive method. Our study suggests that this method can aid diagnosis of drowning.     

The use of Megaselia abdita (Diptera: Phoridae) in forensic entomology

This case study demonstrates the importance of the Phorid, Megaselia abdita (Schmitz), as an indicator for post-mortem interval estimation in criminal investigations involving forensic entomology where it is usually the more frequently occurring Calliphorids that are most useful. A case example is discussed where the temperatures were low for the period of time the deceased was missing.     

神经根型颈椎病患者热敏态腧穴温度觉特征研究

目的 观察神经根型颈椎病患者热敏态腧穴温度觉阈值特征,为腧穴热敏的客观显示与临床温控激发优化参数的选择提供科学依据。方法 纳入神经根型颈椎病患者40例,应用温度觉定量测定技术,分别测定患者大椎穴、肩井穴、肩髃穴的热觉阈、热痛阈、热耐痛阈,根据每个腧穴是否出现热敏灸感分为热敏组和非热敏组,比较其温度觉阈值差异。并在此基础上,对热敏态肩井穴给予42 ℃热刺激进行温控激发,观察热敏灸感的差异。结果 大椎穴、肩井穴、肩髃穴热敏组热觉阈值、热痛阈值和热耐痛阈值分别明显高于同一穴位非热敏组,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与热敏态肩井穴激发温度为40 ℃时比较,42 ℃时灸感强度更强,潜伏期时间更短,效应期时间更长,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 神经根型颈椎病患者热敏态腧穴与非热敏态腧穴具有不同温度觉阈值特征,热敏态腧穴热觉阈、热痛阈、热耐痛阈值均高于非热敏态腧穴;不同的激发温度,热敏灸感出现的灸感强度、潜伏期、效应期时间不同,42 ℃为临床较佳激发温度。