法律解释者的主体性如何安置?

法律解释者的主体性取决于作者、文本和读者等多种制约因素的互动。作者的权威性和体制性安排确保了文本的经典化和读者的信仰面向。文本权威的建立伴随着读者对作者权威的认同。读者在信仰作者和认同文本权威的方式之下去理解、解释和应用,反过来又强化了文本权威以及对作者的信仰。法律解释者主体性的妥当安置,应吸收后现代解释学的合理成分,反对其过度的诠释;应借鉴圣经解释学"解经"和"释经"的二过程法,适当回归古典解释学。     

法典修改的语用修辞学思考--以中国宪法为例

法典修改是一种修辞现象,又是一种言语行为,更是一种语用修辞活动。哈贝马斯规范语用学理论(言语行为双重结构论)与陈望道"修辞学的功用观"均对法典修改有积极意义。中国宪法文本修改这一修辞现象和言语行为表明,法典修改可作为语用学与修辞学"联姻"的一个中介。考察法典修改的语用修辞学理据,有助于推动政治文明和民主法制建设,也有助于语用学、修辞学的发展。     

基于LSTM-CNN的中文短文本分类模型

针对中文语言本身特点,以及传统文本分类方法不能有效应对短文本分类的问题,本文构建了基于LSTM-CNN的中文短文本分类模型。该模型使用word2vec对待分类文本进行预处理,以获得字词级别的向量;再将词向量送入LSTM层提取语义特征,并通过卷积层提取局部特征;在利用最大池化的方法获得特征向量后,将其放入softmax分类器以得到分类的最终结果。与现有的SVM、KNN、CapsNet和Labeled-LDA的实验结果相比,该分类模型能够有效提高中文短文本分类的准确率。     

Trade Unions and Political Parties in Italy (1946–2014): Ideological Positions and Critical Junctures

The paper investigates party-union relationships in Italy (1946–2014) by hand-coding parties’ parliamentary speeches and trade unions’ congress motions. In line with the cartel party thesis, a time series analysis shows that the ideological closeness between the left-wing Italian General Confederation of Labour and left-wing parties deteriorated when the Italian Socialist Party (1980) and the heirs of the Italian Communist Party (1998) converged toward the centre of the ideological spectrum. Conversely, the closeness between the Catholic-inspired Italian Confederation of Workers’ Unions and the heirs of Christian Democracy increased after 1994, when the former party’s leftist factions became the major part of the Italian Popular Party.     

Picture–text congruence in translation: images of the Zen master on book covers and in verbal texts

The study aims to demonstrate how cover pictures and verbal texts are congruent with each other in presenting the Zen master Huineng in two English translations of the Platform Sutra. The focus is on the interpersonal/interactive meanings and the analytical tools adopted are systemic functional linguistics and Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual social semiotics. Results show that the visual techniques employed to depict Huineng on the book covers are in consistency with the verbal choices adopted to present Huineng in the translated texts. While the medium to close shot and eye-level angle complement the choice of speaker-plus “we” as dominant interactive subject person, and qualified statements and polite suggestions/commands in Wong’s translation, the very long shot matches the use of speaker “I” and addressee “you”, and categorical statements and direct commands in Cleary’s translation. In this way a consistent image of Huineng is presented in each translation: friendly and willing to be close to the viewer/audience in Wong’s translation, but authoritative and distant in Cleary’s translation.     

思想政治教育文本的风格初探

思想政治教育文本作为思想政治教育的基础之“源”,为整个思想政治教育实践活动提供了理论之基。思想政治教育文本具有着不同于其他学科文本的风格,如载体的多样性、内容的意识形态性、价值的实践性、目标的明确性。研究思想政治教育文本的风格,对于有效开展思想政治教育工作,发挥文本在思想政治教育中的作用,增强思想政治教育活动的实效性,拓展思想政治教育新的研究领域,开辟新的研究视角,都有着积极的理论意义和现实意义。     

Errors have been made,others will be blamed: Issue engagement and blame shifting in prime minister speeches during the economic crisis in Europe

This article investigates prime ministers’ communication strategies during the most recent economic crisis in Europe. It argues that when electoral risk is high but governments’ policy options are severely limited, prime ministers will use specific communication strategies to mitigate electoral risks. Two such communication strategies are analysed – issue engagement and blame shifting – by applying state-of-the-art quantitative text analysis methods on 5,553 speeches of prime ministers in nine European Union member states. Evidence is found for both strategies. Prime ministers talk about the economy more in response to both high (domestic) unemployment and low (domestic) gross domestic product growth. Furthermore, it is found that the (domestic) unemployment rate is the most consistent predictor of blame shifting: as the domestic unemployment rate goes up, this is followed by an increase in blame shifting towards banks, Greece and the Troika of the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund.     

速录技术与其他录入技术之比较

近年来,速录技术走入全国各大高职院校,而各高职院办学情况却各有不同。有的学院速录专业办得风声水起,而有的学院速录专业办得步履维艰。这就引发了一个思考:速录技术是不是一个很容易过时的技术,它究竟能被什么技术所取代。通过研究,发现速录技术在与其他录入技术相比较时,在速度与成文上有很大的优势,但是也同样暴露出该技术本身存在的不可回避的问题。本文对现有的常用录入技术进行深入的分析,并与速录技术进行一一的比较,从而得出相应的结论。     

马克思主义时代化的路径探析

时代性是马克思主义的本质属性。作为不断发展的理论,马克思主义的每一次历史性飞跃,都带有深刻的时代烙印,都是马克思、恩格斯、列宁、毛泽东、邓小平等马克思主义者在马克思主义基本原理的指导下精细考察时代特征、准确把握时代脉搏、深刻洞察时代趋势的基础上,把对马克思主义的"文本解读"与对各个历史时期的"时代解读"相结合,不断实现马克思主义时代化的过程。"文本解读"与"时代解读"相结合,是实现马克思主义时代化的根本途径。     

认知语境的建构与英语阅读理解

认知语境观揭示语义推理的认知心理依据和心理状态，语篇理解是一个”认知一推理”的动态化过程。认知语境及其在此基础上的预设在语篇处理中占有十分重要的地位，它揭示了语篇理解的认知心理依据，解释并制约着语言的表达与理解。本文从认知角度分析认知语境在阅读教学中的作用，从而指出在阅读教学中，教师应该引导学生运用正确的预设，建构合适的语境，提高学生的阅读能力和阅读速度。