The Darfur Issue:A New Test for China’s African Policy

<正>With the approaching of Sudan's very first election in nearly two decades in April 2010,Sudan,the biggest country in Africa and also the country that faced most complicated development environment both domestically and internationally,is once again becoming the focus of the world.And the ongoing conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan,about one fifth of the total area and with more than 17%of total population,plus the controversy policy taken by the Sudan government as well as China's growing economic engagement in the country,particularly in the energy field,has put China's Africa policy in the spot light.Since China and Sudan have had a long tradition of friendship and close political and economic ties,there has been an unreasonable high expectation from the international community that China alone can influence the position of the Sudanese government on this sensitive matter.The international controversy over Darfur has brought a fundamental challenge to China's long-held foreign policy of 'non-interference'.The author argued in the paper,the principle of"non-interference"should not be interpreted as non willingness to take the"responsibility to protect".As a matter of fact,in recent years,China's Darfur policy has shown more and more flexibility and the"non-interference"policy itself is also undergoing changes.Given the complexity of the Darfur issue and the volatile North/South relation in Sudan,the"engagement approach"endorsed and pushed by China is more constructive than"sanction initiative"for maintaining the stability and peace in Sudan.     

梵汉对音与上古音研究——兼评后汉三国梵汉对音研究

梵汉对音是研究汉语语音史的一项重要材料，这已为学界越来越多的人所承认。本文试图通过梵汉对音材料来分析探讨上古音研究中的一些悬而未决的问题，揭示梵汉对音材料在上古音研究中的作用。文章主要讨论了三个问题：１．入声韵尾的清浊与阴声韵尾的有无；２．去声与－ｓ韵尾的关系；３．同韵部则同元音说质疑。     

汉语去声源于韵尾-s说质疑

用藏语材料和汉藏比较材料证明 :从调类方面来说 ,跟藏文—s尾字对应的汉语同源字 ,可以是去声字 ,也可以是非去声字。在汉藏同源字中 ,跟汉语去声字有关联的藏文 ,可以是—s尾字 ,也可以是非—s尾字。汉语的去声跟藏语韵尾 -s没有一对一的对当关系。从调型方面来说 ,-s尾可以影响声调 ,使之产生一个降调 ,非 -s尾也可以有同样的作用。 -s尾和降调也没有一对一的对当关系。汉语去声来自 -s尾的假说值得怀疑。