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Andrew Glencross 《The Political quarterly》2018,89(3):490-496
British political debate since the EU referendum has hinged on what type of Brexit to pursue: hard or soft. Yet, unlike in instances of treaty rejection, the EU made no counter offer to avoid a breakdown in relations that would follow the hardest of exits. This remarkable unity in not discounting the possibility of a hard Brexit demonstrates that UK withdrawal is very distinct from previous wrangles over EU reform. Drawing on the work of Kissinger, this article argues Brexit is a revolutionary act that denies the legitimacy of the EU order. Hence this process does not conform to other episodes of differentiation. When Westminster sought opt‐outs, it did not reject the core principles of integration. By not seeking to oppose a hard Brexit, Brussels has forced the UK government to find a new legitimising principle to govern EU–UK relations, transferring the burden of adjustment to London. 相似文献
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用浸渍法测定了楝素、三氟氯氰菊酯、苦皮藤、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、哒嗪酮、螨净 7种药物对未吸血的微小牛蜱 (Boophilusmicroplus)幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱及其饱血雌蜱的半数致死浓度(LC50 )。结果显示 ,所用药物中半数致死浓度最低的 3种药物是楝素、三氟氯氰菊酯、苦皮藤。植物性杀虫剂楝素对未吸血微小牛蜱的幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱及饱血雌蜱的半数致死浓度分别为3.0 1~ 3.13、4 .37~ 4 .77、11.18~ 11.36、2 75 .5 0~ 2 76 .5 0mg/L ;植物性杀虫剂苦皮藤对未吸血微小牛蜱的幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱及饱血雌蜱的半数致死浓度分别为 4 .2 2~ 4 .4 2、10 .30~ 10 .5 0、82 .5 0~82 .70、6 35 .30~ 6 36 .70mg/L ;人工合成的除虫菊酯类的三氟氯氰菊酯对未吸血微小牛蜱的幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱及饱血雌蜱的半数致死浓度分别为 3.4 2~ 3.4 4、7.10~ 9.0 6、4 2 .30~ 4 2 .5 0、5 45 .5 0~5 46 .70mg/L。 相似文献
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Both forms in koufuye and wan could increase the hypoxia tolerance of mice with hyperthyroidism of Yin deficient type, recover both the decreased body-weight and the weight index of adrenal gland of rats and the increased creatinine with urea nitrogen in plasma which were Yin deficient trpe of hydracortisone. They could also increase the phagocytic percentage of macrophage and neutrophilic granulocyte. The LD50 has not been measured even ig with maximal concentration and maximal volum of the drugs for 4 times in 24 hours. 相似文献
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Gavin Phillipson 《The Modern law review》2016,79(6):1064-1089
This article analyses the Article 50 TEU debate and the argument that for the UK Government to trigger the formal withdrawal process without explicit parliamentary authorisation would be unlawful, because it would inevitably result in the removal of rights enjoyed under EU law and the frustration of the purpose of the statutes giving those rights domestic effect. After a brief survey of Article 50, this article argues first of all that the power to trigger Article 50 remains within the prerogative, contesting Robert Craig's argument in this issue that it is now a statutory power. It then suggests a number of arguments as to why the frustration principle may be of only doubtful application in this case, and in doing so it re‐examines one of the key authorities prayed in aid of it ‐ the Fire Brigades Union case. 相似文献
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Casting Aside Clanking Medieval Chains: Prerogative,Statute and Article 50 after the EU Referendum 下载免费PDF全文
Robert Craig 《The Modern law review》2016,79(6):1041-1063
This article confronts the controversies surrounding Article 50 by analysing the relationship between statute and prerogative in the UK. The piece focuses on domestic constitutional issues and suggests a new way of classifying the relationship between statute and prerogative into two types falling under ‘the abeyance principle’ or ‘the frustration principle’. The abeyance principle means that where statute and prerogative overlap, the prerogative goes into abeyance. The frustration principle means that where statute and prerogative give rise to potential inconsistencies, but do not overlap, the prerogative cannot be used inconsistently with the intention of parliament as expressed in the relevant legislation. It then argues that Article 50 has the status of primary or ‘primary‐equivalent’ legislation which could justify applying the abeyance principle. This would mean that the trigger power would be exercised on statutory authority rather than through prerogative powers. If the courts are unable thus to construe the relevant legislation it argues EU law requires the courts to bridge the gap. Alternatively, if the abeyance principle is not applicable, it argues the frustration principle could apply but the circumstances in this litigation fall outside it. In the further alternative, EU law could require the frustration principle itself to be set aside in this case. 相似文献
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中华人民共和国 194 9年 10月 1日诞生后不久 ,当年底四川获得解放 ,随之四川省党政机构相继建立。 194 9年~ 1999年 ,四川全境解放 50年 ,四川如何从半殖民地半封建社会跨入社会主义社会 ?50年中有哪些曲折和辉煌 ?中共四川省委党史研究室撰写的《四川五十年大事辑要》 ,就这些问题 ,可从中了解四川50年历程的梗概。 相似文献
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中华人民共和国 194 9年 10月 1日诞生后不久 ,当年底四川获得解放 ,随之四川省党政机构相继建立。 194 9~ 1999年 ,四川全境解放 50年 ,四川如何从半殖民地半封建社会跨入社会主义社会 ?50年中有哪些曲折和辉煌 ?中共四川省委党史研究室撰写的《四川五十年大事辑要》 ,就这些问题 ,可从中了解四川 50年历程的梗概。 相似文献
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目的:观察参芪降糖颗粒配合诺和灵50R治疗2型糖尿病的疗效。方法:60例2型糖尿病患者,随机分为两组,治疗组30例,用参芪降糖颗粒配合诺和灵50R治疗;对照组30例,单用诺和灵50R治疗。12周后观察疗效,监测空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、中餐前血糖、晚餐前血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)。结果:治疗后两组患者血糖均得到良好控制,两组血糖值和HbA1C比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗组诺和灵50R治疗有效剂量较对照组节约20%(P<0.01),治疗组出现1例低血糖反应,对照组出现8例低血糖反应,与治疗组有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:参芪降糖颗粒配合诺和灵50R降低血糖作用明显,可减少诺和灵50R用量,且安全性好。 相似文献