圣彼得堡市基于基因信息的司法鉴定掠影

俄罗斯内务部正在实施一项教育改革"路线图"计划,其任务之一就是要提高教育科学部的效率。近年来,圣彼得堡市在医学方面呈现出了相当多的科研成果,特别是脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)分子的系列特性的同一性认定。利用DNA鉴定技术,可以直接认定犯罪现场的血迹、精斑、毛发、唾液斑等生物检材是否为犯罪嫌疑人所留,从而为案件的侦破、诉讼提供有力的证据。DNA鉴定技术越来越广泛地运用于刑事侦查中,其在刑事侦查中的独特功效不容低估,但同时应当引起注意的问题是,DNA鉴定技术的作用也是有一定局限性的。     

Diagnostic Value of PSA and AP Tests for the Detection of Spermatozoa in Postmortem Swabs from the Genital and Anal Region in Males

The aim of this study was to clarify whether positive results for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and acid phosphatase (AP) occur in postmortem swabs from the genito‐anal region in males (n = 80; 4 regions) and females (n = 20; 3 regions) and to calculate the positive predictive value (PPV) concerning the presence of spermatozoa. In male subjects, the highest incidence of positive test results was found in urethral swabs (PSA 76%, AP 71%) and the lowest frequencies appeared in perianal and rectal swabs (15–20%). Microscopic evaluation for spermatozoa was positive between 39% in urethral swabs and 1% in rectal swabs. PPV regarding positive identification of spermatozoa was 33.3% for PSA and 31.5% for AP. The combination of both tests yielded a PPV of 38.2%. In female cases, no spermatozoa were identified, and one case was PSA‐ and AP‐positive in perianal swabs. Our findings indicate that PSA and AP tests are of limited value for the postmortem detection of spermatozoa in male subjects.     

Hydrolysis of clonazepam, flunitrazepam and nitrazepam by hydrochloric acid. Identification of some additional products

Several by-products in the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of clonazepam, flunitrazepam and nitrazepam are isolated by a combination of TLC and HPLC. With mass and NMR spectroscopic methods the structures of the by-products are established. Some indications are given for possible modes of formation of the by-products.     

酸性黄显现非渗透性客体上血潜手印初步探究

目的建立一种酸性黄显现非渗透性客体上血潜手印的方法。方法制备白色瓷砖、黑色塑料袋、黑色瓷瓶、易拉罐侧面、深色铁质茶叶盒等为客体的捺印手印,配置以酸性黄作为主要成分的染色剂,对其进行固定、染色、漂洗,在多波段光源下观察。结果在440nm激发光源条件下,通过橙色护目镜观察有很强的黄色荧光特征。结论酸性黄显现法具有操作简单、显现效果明显、能排除深色背景干扰的特点,容易推广使用。     

PTEN在冠心病心肌组织中的表达

目的观察冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者心肌组织中人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源基因(phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)的表达,探讨PTEN的表达与冠心病发生发展的相关性。方法选取经病理学确诊为冠心病死亡案例16例作为冠心病组,非心肌病变死亡案例19例作为对照组,采用免疫组织化学以及实时荧光定量PCR法检测心肌组织中PTEN蛋白及其m RNA的表达。结果冠心病组PTEN蛋白的表达量低于对照组(P0.05);与对照组相比,冠心病组PTEN m RNA表达的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PTEN可能与冠心病的发生发展有关。     

应用破机罐法检验硅藻的初步实验研究

本文报告了应用破机罐检验硅藻的方法,该方法采用密闭式破机,操作简单,省时省力,破机效果好,不污染工作环境.     

红细胞和血痕酸性磷酸酶(EAP)表型及广东人群EAP基因频率的调查

本文采用薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳检测红细胞及血痕酸性磷酸酶表型,并对不同条件下的血痕标本进行检测,发现室温下(15～33℃)保存的110例纱布血痕7周内可全部正确分型,21例磁板血痕9周内均可正确分型;含血量≥5λl 的血痕可被正确检出 EAP 表型;日晒、水洗、发霉等因素可影响血痕 EAP 型的正确检出。同时调查了广东人群的 EAP 表型分布,基因频率为 p~a=0. 2338,p~b=0. 7662,发现 EAP 基因频率分布存在着地区差异。     

两种方法测定山豆根总碱含量的研究

目的：比较山豆根总碱两种含量测定方法，为山豆根提取工艺优选提供。方法：采用容量法和酸性染料比色法。结果：两种方法结果基本一致。结论：可任选一种方法进行山豆根提取工艺研究。     

少孢节丛孢菌胞外蛋白酶的诱导与生化性质

应用不同诱导剂和不同营养组成的液体培养基诱导培养捕食线虫性真菌——少孢节丛孢菌产生发酵液,经浓缩处理后,对发酵液中的蛋白质含量、酶活性以及相关的生化性质进行了测定。结果表明,培养基的组成成分和相关诱导剂能够显著影响少孢节丛孢菌的代谢过程;而且秀丽新杆线虫刺激少孢节丛孢菌产生的培养基滤液和氨基酸刺激所产生的发酵液内含成分不同;蛋白酶活性越高的滤液中,磷酸酶活性越低;产生胞外蛋白酶的最佳培养时间为6d。     

Vulnerability and resilience: critical reflexivity in gendered violence research

South Asian women are a focus area for organisations such as the UN, World Bank and WHO, where violence against women severely constrains policy instruments such as the Millennium Development Goals. The field researcher is often invisible in research space, which informs policy in practice. Through critical reflexivity we rupture the silence on researcher vulnerability, foregrounding researcher resilience as the ethical compass in the research space of gendered violence. Through narratives of researchers as development actors in the river of corrosiveness involved in acid violence research, we offer a typology for researcher resilience for consideration in research designs for policy development.