Environmental Stressors and Food Security in China

This article considers the immediate forces influencing China’s food system and food security. By immediate is meant events of the reform period, from the late 1970s to 2008. It begins by asking the question that has preoccupied specialists since the publication of Lester Brown’s Who Will Feed China? in 1995: How much arable land does China have? Is that land area sufficient to insure grain sufficiency? To insure food security? The article focuses on the human pressures on the food production environment, and then treats the effects of socioeconomic change: land, air, and water degradation. The core of the article examines six responses of the state to both perceived and actual environmental stressors: policy restricting arable land conversion, China’s one-child policy, investment in irrigation systems, the South–North Water Diversion Project, large-scale afforestation and reforestation campaigns, and the program to convert marginal agricultural lands to forests and grasslands.     

Fatal Acute Hemorrhagic Bowel Infarction Caused by Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis

Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a rare, but life‐threatening medical phenomenon. MVT is normally characterized by insidious onset, with nonspecific signs and symptoms. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis, and emergency surgery is necessary to optimize the chances of patient survival, especially in the people aged more than 70 years. Surprisingly, based on my review of the literature, no fatal acute MVT case has been reported in the forensic literature. All reported such cases have been documented in medical literature, and most of them have been associated with underlying risk factors for venous thrombosis, such as hypercoagulable state, certain cancers, and stasis of the blood flow. Here, I report the case of a sudden unexpected death due to extensive intestinal ischemia and infarction with massive abdominal hemorrhage caused by acute MVT in a 72‐year‐old man without known underlying risk factors.     

《空战和导弹战国际人道法手册》起草进展及问题分析

由美国哈佛大学"人道主义政策与冲突研究"项目负责的《空战和导弹战国际人道法手册》(下称《手册》)近期形成了2007年新的草案本文及评注,表明该项目又取得了阶段性成果。从进展情况看,《手册》在寻求军事需要与人道主义要求之间平衡上,解决得不是很好,如扩大了"军事目标"的范围,放宽了对武器的限制,缩小了某些受保护的对象范围,出现了与制定《手册》初衷不符的倾向,值得引起注意。     

实验性兔羊水栓塞血浆凝血指标的含量变化

目的观察兔羊水栓塞(AFE)后血浆凝血指标的动态变化。方法采用怀孕家兔制作羊水栓塞动物模型,将不同性质的自身羊水注入兔血循环,分别在羊水注入前、注入后,5min、45min从兔心脏取血,用血凝仪检测血浆中各项凝血指标包括纤维蛋白原定量(FIB)、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶凝固时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的动态变化。结果注入羊水后PT、TT、APTT时间显著延长(P<0.01),FIB则显著降低(P<0.01),而对照组无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论凝血指标的动态变化表明羊水栓塞早期有发生DIC的趋势,胎盘提取液中的某些成分可能加重了DIC的严重程度。     

羊水栓塞诊断的方法学研究进展及法医学意义

羊水栓塞(amniotic fluid embolism,AFE)是指分娩过程中羊水进入母血循环,引起肺栓塞、休克甚至死亡等一系列严重症状的综合征。目前对于AFE的诊断为排除性诊断,方法缺乏灵敏性和特异性。因此随着以AFE为死因的孕产妇病死率的升高,寻找更精确的AFE诊断方法成为了法医学研究的重点。本文结合相关文献概述了AFE诊断方法的研究进展,希望能为法医学鉴定提供方法学参考。     

环保督察与空气质量改善:立足城市情境的效应异质性分析

作为生态环境保护领域的一项重大制度创新,中央环保督察已经成为党和政府推动生态文明建设的重要政策工具。然而,对于中央环保督察能否改善空气质量,尤其是其效果的可持续性,尚存在诸多争议。立足于匹配后的地级市数据评估中央环保督察对空气质量改善的平均效应,结果表明中央环保督察尽管在短期内显著改善了空气质量,其长期效应并不显著。然而,借助基于模型的递归分解法和随机森林法进一步发现:中央环保督察的长期效应存在显著的情境差异性:中央环保督察对于空气污染较重的城市具有长期改善效应,且东部城市尤为明显;一个城市的经济发展水平越高,中央环保督察效应越具有长效性;政府规模和财政自主性对中央环保督察效应起到截然相反的调节作用:前者的扩张会削弱长期效应,而后者的提升则会强化长期效应。揭示城市情境对督察效应的调节作用,有助于深化学界对中央环保督察长效性的条件认识,也为进一步完善该制度、提升其效能提供了重要的思路。     

Intravascular bullet embolism to the right atrium

Bullet embolism is a relatively unusual complication of gunshot wounds. Embolism to the right atrium comprises <5% of all reported intravascular bullet emboli. We report an additional case of bullet embolus to the right atrium of a 0.38-caliber bullet following a gunshot wound to the chest. The intracardiac bullet was recognized radiologically on presentation, but the patient was hemodynamically stable and managed conservatively, with the bullet left in place. The missile remained within the heart without clinical significance for several years and was recovered from the right atrium only at the time of autopsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a 0.38-caliber bullet which embolized to the right atrium and remained inconsequential for an extended period of time.     

家兔肺脂肪栓塞后超微病理学观察

目的 研究脂肪栓塞后肺组织的超微结构变化.方法 通过向实验组家兔血管内注射脂肪诱导肺脂肪栓塞制作肺栓塞动物模型,分别于栓塞即刻(0 h)和栓塞后3、8 h及1、2、7、14d处死动物;对照组家兔注射同等剂量的生理盐水,其余处理方法与实验组相同.经HE和苏丹Ⅲ染色证实造模成功后,用透射电镜观察肺组织的超微结构变化.结果 ...     

脂肪栓塞综合征的法医学研究进展

脂肪栓塞综合征（fat embolism syndrome,FES）是一种较多见而又威胁生命的临床症候。多年来,FES一直是医学界,尤其是法医学及骨科学领域研究的难点。在法医学中,FES的鉴定因缺乏典型的症状、体征,极易发生误鉴或漏鉴。本文就FES的病因、发病机理、病理学、致死机制以及FES的最新法医学诊断研究进行了回顾。     

大鼠实验性肺脂肪栓塞的病理学研究

取大鼠皮下脂肪乳化后作自身静脉注射,观察自身脂肪栓子对肺血管的光镜和电镜变化。结果表明,注射后1天肺小动脉及毛细血管内充满大量脂滴。4天时达高峰并伴有肺水肿、灶性出血以及单核细胞吞噬脂滴,中性、嗜酸性白细胞的浸润。7天后脂滴逐渐消失、未见其他脏器栓塞。