Backups and the right to be forgotten in the GDPR: An uneasy relationship

The recent enforcement of the GDPR has put extra burdens to data controllers operating within the EU. Beyond other challenges, the exercise of the Right to be Forgotten by individuals who request erasure of their personal information has also become a thorny issue when applied to backups and archives. In this paper, we discuss the GDPR forgetting requirements in respect with their impact on the backup and archiving procedures stipulated by the modern security standards. We specifically examine the implications of erasure requests on current IT backup systems and we highlight a number of envisaged organizational, business and technical challenges pertained to the widely known backup standards, data retention policies, backup mediums, search services, and ERP systems.     

从“庭审必备”转向“庭审后备”——民事预判决制度之提出

我国民事诉讼法理论与实定法上存在着"庭审必备"的误解,即认为只有开庭审理才是法院审理,只有开庭后作出的判决才堪称正当。"庭审必备"的刚性规则是源于庭审范畴的不当扩张,这既淡化了庭审对抗辩论的实质功能,也使大部分的开庭空有形式。我国的判决程序应从以庭审为必要,转变为必要时庭审,对于简单案件采取预判决的机制:法官直接根据起诉与答辩作出预判决,如果当事人对预判决的实体结果没有实质异议,则预判决发生效力;如果法院认为当事人的异议使案件有庭审的必要,则进一步组织开庭审理。为保障当事人不受诉讼突袭,预判决之前双方当事人有发表意见的机会,但要求一次、及时提出;当事人有通过提出异议而请求庭审的权利,但不诚信的异议将受到惩罚。