保险受益人制度若干问题研究

保险法上之受益权,是指基于保险契约而享有保险金请求权的人。保险受益人制度是保险法中的重要制度之一。我国目前的保险法所确定的受益人制度仅适用于人身保险合同,而不适用于财产保险,即否认财产保险合同中受益人的存在,这样的规定必然带来困惑。同时,我国保险法对保险受益人制度的规定也存在诸多不够清晰甚至相互矛盾的地方,以至长期以来,在学界、保险实务及司法实践中就上述问题引发诸多争议,实有理论澄清和立法完善之必要。     

按揭住房保险之特约的法律涵义

在住房按揭中,购房者依银行要求对已抵押的房屋进行保险,并特别约定银行为第一受益人,保单交银行执管。对于该保险特约的法律涵义,应理解为一种设定债权质押的行为,贷款银行执管保单具有一定的债权质转移占有之意义;保险金请求权具有可质性,该债权质押合同随着保险合同的成立而成立,但其生效是在将来发生保险事故、保险金请求权产生之时。虽然质押设立时,保险单所表示的保险金请求权属于一种将来或有的债权,但当保险事故发生,保险单上的债权就成为一种现实的确定的利益,能发挥担保主债权的功能;而该债权质押与抵押权的物上代位并不互相抵触;但银行的法律身份应是被保险人,而非受益人。     

被保险人死亡时保险金分配问题研究

在被保险人死亡情形下分配保险金时,如果有受益人,保险金归其受领;如果没有受益人,保险金应作为《中华人民共和国保险法》上的特别财产,按照《中华人民共和国继承法》的规定并结合被保险人的意愿,在其继承人、遗赠人或遗赠扶养协议人之间进行分配。     

Cohabitation,Registration, and Reliance: Creating A Comprehensive and Just Scheme for Protecting the Interests of Couples' Real Relationships

This paper argues that courts and legislatures should recognize and protect adult relationships other than marriage, in two ways. First, couples in committed, cohabitating relationships should be protected when their relationship dissolves—even if they are not formally married. The law in this area is currently inconsistent and confusing, and should be cleaned up to reflect the reality of the lives of committed couples in need of legal protection. Second, all states should establish a registration scheme along the lines of Colorado's designated beneficiary law, which allows couples to flexibly design their legal relationship. This status should include specific arrangements about the ownership of property over the course of a long relationship, and should also be expanded to allow people to enter into more than one such relationship at a time, as long as the rights and obligations are not inconsistent. Given the number of couples operating outside of traditional marriage today, these two reforms will increase certainty of legal outcome and better protect the reliance interests of those in committed relationships.