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Biofuels are a growing alternative energy source. In a context of their growing global consumption, Brazil has shown particular interest in the European market. This paper analyses Brazilian foreign policy on biofuels towards the EU during Lula da Silva’s administration (2003–10). It examines the emergence of biofuels at a global level, the main guidelines of Brazilian foreign policy, Brazilian environmental foreign policy and, finally, the Brazilian political response to changes in European law. 相似文献
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Eero Palmujoki 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(2):135-151
This article examines international attempts to regulate the production of and trade in biofuels by establishing criteria
and indicators and certification schemes. It focuses on the norms underlying the criteria and the community constructed on
the basis of them. The theoretical approach here rests on a discussion of these norms and on their constitutive role. This
role creates a community and gives an institutional basis for the global public domain. Accordingly, different norms create
the network on which environmental governance is based. It is assumed that commonly accepted criteria form a common norm.
The article analyses eleven criteria and indicator systems and compares the criteria adopted. Eight were created for biofuels
and bioenergy and three are used in forest certification. Comparison reveals that the criterion aiming to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions is used in Northern systems, whereas commonly accepted environmental criteria are biodiversity and minimization
of pollution. The web of norms on which biofuel production and trade is based comprises environmental norms together with
the general norm of sovereignty and the norms of the market economy.
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Eero PalmujokiEmail: |
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