警犬在废墟搜救及消防中的作用

警犬在废墟搜救及消防工作中的应用在国外已有近二十年的历史,尤其在美国、英国发展较快,而这项技术在我国还是一项空白,废墟中搜寻遇难者和在火灾现场利用警犬进行物证搜索及火灾案件鉴定工作是摆在我们警犬工作者面前的一道必须解决的难题。     

Vicious Dogs: The Antisocial Behaviors and Psychological Characteristics of Owners

Abstract:  Each year, 4.7 million people are bitten by dogs. Of those bitten each year, 386,000 are seriously injured and some killed. Consequently, many insurance companies refuse to issue homeowners insurance to owners of specific breeds of dogs considered "vicious" or high risk of causing injury. This study examined whether vicious dog owners were different on antisocial behaviors and personality dimensions. A total of 869 college students completed an anonymous online questionnaire assessing type of dog owned, criminal behaviors, attitudes towards animal abuse, psychopathy, and personality. The sample was divided into four groups: vicious dog owners, large dog owners, small dog owners, and controls. Findings revealed vicious dog owners reported significantly more criminal behaviors than other dog owners. Vicious dog owners were higher in sensation seeking and primary psychopathy. Study results suggest that vicious dog ownership may be a simple marker of broader social deviance.     

城市养狗诱发的治安问题及其治理初探

养狗是城市居民闲暇生活的点缀,但在越来越多的城市因养狗破坏环境卫生、狗咬伤(死)人事件,以及因养狗纠纷诱发的伤人、杀人、诈骗等案件危害城市的社会治安。治理城市养狗诱发的治安问题,需要培养居民文明养狗意识、完善限制养狗的法律制度、重视狗患警情、及时化解养狗矛盾纠纷等多策并举。     

警犬气味识别结论的证据属性

警犬气味识别是指侦查人员从犯罪现场提取嗅源,让警犬嗅闻,然而与被告人身体气味进行对比,以确定被告人是否到过犯罪现场。警犬识别结论具有证据能力和证据力,但警犬识别过程涉及到对案件本源信息的两次解读,而这两次解读又均存在不确定的因素,因此警犬识别结论的证明力存在着缺陷,在诉讼过程中应当谨慎使用。     

Estimating the Time of Death in Domestic Canines

Abstract:  Because 36.1% of U.S. households have dogs, the time of death (TOD) of dogs at crime scenes can be useful to forensic investigators. However, there are few published studies based on postmortem changes in dogs. This study, conducted indoors in still air at approximately room temperature, monitored the postmortem reduction in rectal, liver, brain, and aural temperatures in 16 dogs for 32 h after death. Graphs of temperature reduction were prepared to estimate the TOD of dogs within the first 32 h postmortem. Sex, body mass, and hair coat density did not affect the rate of body temperature reduction, but increased body weight and volume slowed it. Rectal temperature was the most convenient, reasonable site for measuring body temperature. Vitreous humor potassium ion concentration [K⁺] was measured in both eyes at c.  1.5 and 7 h after death. Both eyes had the same [K⁺] when measured simultaneously, and [K⁺] increased after death.     

浅谈警犬辨识的否定性结论在确定侦查方向中的作用

警犬的嗅觉极其灵敏,对气味不仅有很强的感受性,而且还有十分精确辨认机能。利用警犬的这一嗅觉特点,通过科学训练,使警犬对特殊气味建立牢固的条件反射或对气味辨认作出的否定结论,能够在侦查破案中发挥重要作用。     

警犬在盗窃公用电信设施案中的应用

警犬在打击和预防犯罪过程中发挥了积极的作用，特别在盗窃公用电信设施案中作用更为突出。警犬一般都有高级神经活动机能，有敏锐的嗅觉、听觉和视觉等感觉器官，具有凶猛性、灵活性和飞快的奔跑能力等警用素质，是公安机关执行任务的一种特殊工具。在盗窃公用电信设施案中，报警及时、出警迅速，警犬的使用有很好的时间条件，要充分利用警犬的特殊功能为公安工作服务。     

Criterion Analysis and Content Validity for Standardized Behavioral Tests in a Detector-Dog Breeding Program

Many working-dog programs assess behavior during a dog's first year of life with the aim of predicting success in the field. However, decisions about which tests to administer are frequently made on the basis of tradition or intuition. This study reports results from a survey given to U.S.A.'s Transportation Security Administration (TSA) detection-dog handlers (N = 34). We categorized and summarized handlers’ responses regarding traits they felt were important for work. We used this criterion analysis to examine the content validity of the TSA's puppy tests. Results indicate that 13 of 15 traits that are currently being measured are relevant. However, several traits not currently measured were identified as being highly important, notably “play” and off-duty “calmness.” These results provide support that the TSA tests are measuring traits relevant to operational search team performance but also highlight other traits that may be profitable to assess in this and other detection-dog programs.     

Prisoners,pups, and PTSD: the grass roots response to veterans with PTSD

As the human–animal bond is increasingly recognized as therapeutic, the role of animals, most frequently canines, grows. A contemporary pairing of animals and humans can be found inside prisons. While the dogs trained by inmates are most frequently adopted out to the community, today dogs are being trained to assist veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as part of a grass roots effort to fulfill the mental health needs of veterans. The growing number of veterans with PTSD and concomitant issues including addiction, unemployment, homelessness, and crime, makes the mental healthcare issues of veterans a social problem. The civilian-led effort to provide veterans with dogs is a continuation of the public’s involvement with the proliferation of prison-based animal programs. While this next generation of animal programs has overwhelming community support, it also suffers from similar limitations as its predecessors. With no universal agreement as to the training methods or level of skills needed by the dogs, their efficacy at lessening the symptoms of veterans’ PTSD remains largely unknown.     

论带犬民警侦查意识的培养

侦查意识是侦查行为的先导,警犬技术应用于侦查破案其效果一定程度取决于带犬民警侦查意识的强弱。当前,警犬技术在刑事案件侦查中广泛应用、带犬民警流血牺牲事件偶发以及犯罪分子反侦查意识增强等,决定了应当加强对带犬民警侦查意识的培养。为提高带犬民警侦查意识,公安机关应建立带犬民警积极参与侦查活动的机制,加强对带犬民警侦查业务知识的培养,善于总结警犬使用过程中成功与失败之经验,并加强带犬民警模拟实战的训练。